PubMed · 9393499
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E Tezel, A Numanoğlu. 1997. Fat trapper.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199712000-00053
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Decellularized tissues provide biological cues owing to the wealth of structural and regulatory factors that promote angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and myogenesis and facilitate neurite outgrowth. Here, we demonstrated the advantages of decellularized adipose tissue (adipoECM) over defined collagen-based biomaterials for host tissue integration. Three batches of human adipose tissue were decellularized using a rapid decellularization protocol and analyzed using mass spectrometry. To assess the biological activity of the decellularized materials, adipoECM and a reference standard of care biomaterial (Integra®DRT, also containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans) were implanted subcutaneously, but far from the wound bed (in anatomical potential spaces) of immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The mice were euthanized in the acute (1 day) and chronic (day 60) inflammatory reaction phases, followed by biomaterial excision and Masson’s trichrome immunohistofluorescence imaging of the paraffin-embedded specimens. Each batch of processed tissue passed a quality control check, showing a low level of donor genomic DNA, lack of nuclei, lipids, endotoxins, and bacterial contamination. Mass spectrometry revealed that all batches of decellularized tissue mainly contained collagen I and, to a lesser degree, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, laminin, fibrillin, fibronectin, tenascin, and elastin. No acute inflammatory reaction was observed in either material one day post-transplantation. At 60 days post-implantation, different cell types were detected in adipoECM specimens, whereas Integra®DRT remained acellular. Additional immunohistochemical staining of adipoECM revealed CD31-positive cells in the blood vessels. Mesenchymal (CD90 positive) and myeloid (CD14 positive) cells were also detected. Primary cell types involved in soft tissue healing and remodeling were found in the adipoECM-treated group. The ingrowth of blood vessels and mesenchymal cells confirmed the effective integration of adipoECM with host tissues. Our results demonstrate that decellularized adipose tissue implanted away from the wound bed possesses contextual biological activities that promote efficient integration with host tissues.
Persistent organochlorine residues such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlorocyclodienes, and the DDT group (DDTs) were determined in fat and muscle samples of resident red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) hunted in Spain. Chlorinated contamination pattern varied largely depending on geographical distribution. Birds collected from the northern part of Spain contained greater concentrations of lindane (34.4 ng/g fat basis) than those from central or southern Spain. In contrast, red-legged partridges collected in southern locations exhibited elevated levels of p,p-DDE (62.3 ng/g fat basis) as compared with central (31.2 ng/g fat basis) and northern areas (5.6 ng/g fat basis). The only cyclodiene detected, dieldrin, showed higher amounts (3.4 ng/g fat basis) in partridges collected in central Spain. The sex differences in pollutant occurrence and concentrations were negligible. One-year-old birds accumulated greater concentrations of beta-HCH, and dieldrin than older birds. Global comparison of organochlorine concentrations indicated that northern partridges are more contaminated by compounds of industrial origin, whereas southern birds contained greater amounts of agricultural chemicals. Estimates of hazards associated with organochlorine levels in resident red-legged partridges in Spain suggested that southern birds may be at risk from exposure to DDTs, and northern birds may be affected by excessive concentrations of lindane. The use of red-legged partridge as bioindicator for OCP contamination is discussed.
The insulin resistant state is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. This increased risk is likely to be due to associated lipid and coagulation abnormalities rather than just abnormalities in glucose metabolism or hyperinsulinaemia alone. Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia is a well-recognised associate of insulin resistance and postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia is particularly important in the development of coronary atheroma. It seems likely that insulin is one of the hormonal regulators of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle blood flow. The reduced blood flow and blunting of the postprandial rise of peripheral blood flow in insulin resistance may decrease chylomicron-triglyceride delivery to muscle in subjects with insulin resistance. This, in turn, will lead to increased production of atherogenic particles. We propose that impaired postprandial vasodilation, already recognised as a key feature of glucose intolerance, is also the cause of impaired lipid metabolism in insulin resistant subjects and predisposes them to cardiovascular disease.