PubMed · 9260048
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I Bernstein. 1997. Hematologic malignancies.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00062752-199704040-00001
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The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met are a ligand-receptor pair with important functions in a communicative interplay between HGF-producing, mesenchymal cells and c-Met-expressing target cells. HGF is cytoprotective and causes regeneration of parenchyma after tissue damage in several organs. The receptor c-Met was first characterized as an oncogene product being responsible for the transformation of an osteosarcoma cell line. HGF or c-Met is overexpressed in several human cancers, including various carcinomas. Some cells of hematopoietic origin also seem to be capable of c-Met expression, but the precise role of HGF in normal hematopoiesis is yet to be determined. In blood malignancies like acute myelogenous leukemia and, notably, multiple myeloma, HGF is overproduced and has implications for the prognosis of the patients. Biological significance of HGF overexpression in multiple myeloma is discussed and is likely to include effects on bone turnover and angiogenesis.
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has been developed under the joint auspices of the European Association for Hematopathology (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH). First organized in 1995, the Steering Committee appointed 10 committees for T-cell and B-cell lymphomas and leukemias and myeloid and histiocytic tumors to develop a relevant list of diseases and establish definitions of each disease according to established criteria. The WHO classification uses the principles of the Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL), which defines each disease according to its morphologic features, immunophenotype, genetic features, postulated normal counterpart, and clinical features. The proposed classification was presented at the United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology meeting in 1997. The Steering Committee also appointed a Clinical Advisory Committee to ensure that the classification meets clinical needs and to resolve questions of clinical significance. The proposed WHO classification for lymphomas is similar to the REAL classification for lymphomas, with minor modifications and reassessment of provisional categories based on new data since 1994.
Extranodal lymphomas are increasing in frequency owing in part to a true increase, but also as a consequence of AIDS and the recognition by pathologists that many cases formerly regarded as extranodal lymphoid hyperplasias or as pseudolymphomas are low-grade lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. However, most primary extranodal lymphomas are aggressive lymphomas, usually of large B-cell type. Extranodal T-cell lymphomas also occur, such as the NK/T-cell lymphomas of the sinonasal area, the subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. The aggressive lymphomas need to be distinguished from extranodal myeloid leukemias, whereas the low-grade lymphomas of MALT need to be distinguished from other extranodal lymphomas composed of small lymphocytes, such as mantle cell and follicular lymphomas. MALT lymphomas also must be differentiated from the various forms of extranodal lymphoid hyperplasia. Caution is required when determining this differentiation, since the discovery of a clonal cell population in a clinically and pathologically innocuous extranodal lymphocytic infiltrate does not necessarily equate with a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. In this setting, a more appropriate designation might be a neoplasm or disorder of "uncertain malignant potential."