PubMed · 9244692
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C Grönhagen-Riska, I Tikkanen, H Jalanko. 1995. [Why does renal insufficiency progress?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9244692/
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The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate the key anatomical and biomechanical elements involved in the etiopathogenesis of sciatica, and to demonstrate how periradicular fibrosis contributes to the pathophysiology of recurrent post-operative sciatica. History, etiology, anatomy and diagnosis of herniated inter-vertebral disc are reviewed. The straight leg raising exam is a well accepted test in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. In the post-operative patients, the results of the straight leg raising test are affected by the presence of scar and fibrosis around the lumbar root(s) involved. The mechanisms by which perineural fibrosis and adhesions change and compromise the neural dynamics and causes symptoms to recur in the post-operative patient are discussed. Due to its dramatic clinical relevance, prevention of periradicular fibrosis has high priority in the surgical management of herniated lumbar disc. Such a goal should be obtained by using a combination of appropriate indication to surgery, impeccable operative technique and the use of an effective anti-fibrotic agent.
Invasive growth of malignant cells, particularly carcinoma cells, induces host reaction within and around tumor tissue. Representatives of them are desmoplasia, angiogenesis and immune reactions. Desmoplasia, a process of fibrosis, is induced by activation of fibroblasts with increased production of matrix proteins and matrix degrading enzymes. Angiogenesis is prerequisite for the growth of solid tumor. Inhibition of this is now a target of cancer therapy. The present author has proposed a concept that tumor vessels are composed of nutrient vessels and immune/inflammatory vessels. The latter is similar to venules in inflammatory lesions expressing the cell adhesion molecules to facilitate the transmigration of inflammatory cells to the tissue. In colon cancer, venules distributed along the invasive margin correspond to these vessels, which express E-, and P-selectins, and ICAM-1. These venules are considered to be an entry site of immune/inflammatory cells to cancer tissue. To further analyze immune mechanism, the present authors have confirmed that macrophages distributed along the invasive margin of colon cancer express costimulatory molecules B7.1/B7.2, which are required for the proliferation of T-cells. T-cells were co-localized with these cells. Clinicopathologic analysis confirmed that CD8+ T-cells distributed within cancer cell nest (intraepithelial) have the most significant impact on the patients' survival in colorectal cancer. These data suggest that various host reactions take place in the stroma of cancer tissue, which modulate the biologic behavior of cancer.
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