PubMed · 9097635
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
T Ishihara. 1997. [Tensilon test].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9097635/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
We previously demonstrated that a combination of cholinesterase (ChE) pre-treatment with an oxime is an effective measure against soman and sarin. We describe here a novel approach for the preparation of covalently linked ChEs which are immobilized to a polyurethane matrix. Such preparation of ChE-sponges enhances the stability and usefulness of the enzymes in non-physiological environments. The ChE-sponges, which can be molded to any form, can effectively be used to remove and decontaminate organophosphates (OPs) from surfaces, biological (skin or wounds) or otherwise (clothing or sensitive medical equipment), or the environment. The ChE-sponges retained their catalytic activity under conditions of temperature, time, and drying where the native soluble enzyme would rapidly denature, and can be reused in conjunction with oximes many times. The ChE-sponge in the presence of oxime repeatedly detoxified OPs such as DFP or MEPQ. These developments in ChE technology have extended the applicability of OP scavengers from in vivo protection, to a variety of external detoxification and decontamination schemes. In addition to treatment of OP-contaminated soldiers, the ChE-sponge could protect medical personnel from secondary contamination while attending chemical casualties, and civilians exposed to pesticides or highly toxic nerve agents such as sarin.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay coupled with ultraviolet detection has been developed for the determination of neostigmine in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. A novel solid-phase extraction procedure was first used for this analyte and allowed good recovery (89+/-4.5%) together with ease and speed of execution. The method was sensitive, reproducible (C.V.<4.5%) and accurate (100+/-6.6%) over the range 2.6-167.0 ng/ml neostigmine concentrations in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid, and was applied successfully to study the pharmacokinetics of neostigmine in patients suffering from chronic postoperative abdominal pain.
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether cholinergic stimulation reduces swallowing and oral motor disturbances in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). A controlled, double-blind crossover trial of physostigmine, a centrally active cholinesterase inhibitor, and placebo was conducted. Patients were randomized to a 10-day crossover placebo-controlled double-blind trial of physostigmine at their previously determined best dose administered orally every 2 hr, six times per day. Patients were evaluated with ultrasound imaging of the oropharynx and an oral motor examination at baseline and during the third or fourth days of each study phase (placebo and drug). Under the double-blind placebo-controlled conditions, patients showed no statistically significant improvement in oral motor functions or swallow durations. Because patients with PSP have increased sensitivity to cholinergic blockade compared with control subjects, studies with newer, more potent cholinergic stimulating agents need further exploration. Suggestions for future research include the evaluation of newer direct cholinergic agonists in the treatment of the less-impaired PSP patients who may have a greater number of cholinergic neurons preserved and the evaluation of combined therapies.