PubMed · 8975185
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E A McConnell. 1996. Ensuring electrical safety.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199610000-00010
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For systematic human Mars exploration, meeting crew safety requirements, it seems perspective to assemble into a spacecraft: an electrical rocket, a well-shielded long-term life support system, and a manipulator-robots operating in combined "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode. The electrical spacecraft would carry humans to the orbit of Mars, providing short distance (and low signal time delay) between operator and robot-manipulators, which are landed on the surface of the planet. Long-term hybrid biological and physical/chemical LSS could provide environment supporting human health and well being. Robot-manipulators operating in "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode exclude necessity of human landing on Martian surface decreasing the level of risk for crew. Since crewmen would not have direct contact with the Martian environment then the problem of mutual biological protection is essentially reduced. Lightweight robot-manipulators, without heavy life support systems and without the necessity of returning to the mother vessel, could be sent as scouts to different places on the planet surface, scanning the most interesting for exobiological research site. Some approximate estimations of electric spacecraft, long-term hybrid LSS, radiation protection and mission parameters are conducted and discussed.
Voltage profiles of the source-drain region of a CMOS transistor with 75nm gate architecture taken from an off-the-shelf Intel PIII processor are presented. The sample preparation using a dual beam system is discussed as well as details of the electron optical setup of the microscope. Special attention is given to the analysis of the reconstructed holograms.
Different filter materials and electrical charge elimination methods were used to investigate the weighing accuracy of filter papers under different environmental conditions. The results show that the standard deviations (S.D.) of weight data for glass fiber and MCE filters were substantial without environmental control, whether or not the electrical charge eliminators were used. Values of 0.157 and 0.349 mg were determined for glass and MCE filters, respectively. The accuracy of weighing was substantially improved and the S.D. was reduced to 0.01 and 0.09 mg for glass fiber and MCE filters, respectively, after applying the environmental control conditions. For PVC and Teflon filters, the accuracy of weighing was good, even in the uncontrolled environmental conditions, whether or not the electrical charge eliminators were used. The S.D. values of weighing data of PVC and Teflon filters were 0.007 and 0.011 mg, respectively.