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PubMed · 8947431

Exercise and lipids.

P D Wood
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Abstract

We have learned a substantial amount about the influence of exercise on plasma lipoprotein status in women. However, studies on women still lag behind those on men, and much detail remains to be filled in. For instance, the fluctuating sex hormone levels in women during the month produce substantial variations in plasma lipoprotein levels, which needs further investigation and must be considered in studies on premenopausal women. Meanwhile, it seems clear that athletes engaging in aerobic sports at a high level are particularly favored with respect to their low overall risk of coronary heart disease and, in particular, to their highly favorable plasma lipoprotein pattern.

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P D Wood. 1996. Exercise and lipids.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8947431/

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Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in human contracting skeletal muscle: influence of muscle glycogen content.

In humans, the plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration increases dramatically during low-intensity exercise. Measurements across the working limb indicate that skeletal muscle is the source of IL-6 production. To determine whether energy availability influences the regulation of IL-6 expression during prolonged exercise, six male subjects completed two trials consisting of 180 min of two-legged dynamic knee extensor with either normal or low (~60% of control) pre-exercise muscle glycogen levels. Increases in plasma IL-6 during exercise were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the low-glycogen (16-fold) trial verses the control (10-fold) trial. Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in skeletal muscle was also higher in the low-glycogen trial; it increased by about 40-fold after 90 min of exercise and about 60-fold after 180 min of exercise. Muscle IL-6 mRNA followed a similar but delayed pattern, increasing by more than 100-fold in the low-glycogen trial and by about 30-fold in the control trial. These data demonstrate that exercise activates transcription of the IL-6 gene in working skeletal muscle, a response that is dramatically enhanced when glycogen levels are low. These findings also support the hypothesis that IL-6 may be produced by contracting myofibers when glycogen levels become critically low as a means of signaling the liver to increase glucose production.

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