Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8857306

Implantable multiprogrammable microstimulator dedicated to bladder control.

K Arabi·M Sawan
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

An implantable multiprogrammable microstimulator that is intended to restore normal bladder functions (retention and incontinence) to spinal cord injured patients is presented. The implantable microstimulator circuitry is externally controlled and is powered by a single encoded radio frequency carrier and has four bipolar (eight monopolar) independently controlled channels. It offers a higher degree of reprogrammability and flexibility and can be used in any neuromuscular applications. The implant system is adaptable to the patient's needs and to future developments in stimulation algorithms, without changing the implant. Features of the microstimulator include its capabilities to generate a wide range of waveforms and to combine up to four different programmable frequencies in each wave train. By using a forward error detection and correction communication protocol, the reliability of the implant is increased. The chip has been designed for structural testability by means of a scan-based test approach and uses circuit techniques to reduce power consumption and ensure long-term stability.

Explore related subjects

Electric StimulationElectrodes, ImplantedElectronics, MedicalHumansUrinary BladderUrinary IncontinenceUrinary RetentionJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

K Arabi, M Sawan. 1996. Implantable multiprogrammable microstimulator dedicated to bladder control.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02637016

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2000

Failure of long-term pallidal stimulation corrected by subthalamic stimulation in PD.

Bilateral high-frequency continuous stimulation of the internal globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus constitutes a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with severe PD. The authors report two patients in whom stimulation of the globus pallidus failed to give long-term relief and was successfully replaced by bilateral subthalamic stimulation. The results emphasize the reversibility of deep brain stimulation therapy and suggest that the subthalamic target is preferable to the pallidal target.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Predominant activation of I1-waves from the leg motor area by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

We performed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to elucidate the D- and I-wave components comprising the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited from the leg motor area, especially at near-threshold intensity. Recordings were made from the tibialis anterior muscle using needle electrodes. A figure-of-eight coil was placed so as to induce current in the brain in eight different directions, starting from the posterior-to-anterior direction and rotating it in 45 degrees steps. The latencies were compared with those evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and TMS using a double cone coil. Although the latencies of MEPs ranged from D to I3 waves, the most prominent component evoked by TMS at near-threshold intensity represented the I1 wave. With the double cone coil, the elicited peaks always represented I1 waves, and D waves were evoked only at very high stimulus intensities, suggesting a high effectiveness of this coil in inducing I1 waves. Using the figure-of-eight coil, current flowing anteriorly or toward the hemisphere contralateral to the recorded muscle was more effective in eliciting large responses than current flowing posteriorly or toward the ipsilateral hemisphere. The effective directions induced I1 waves with the lowest threshold, whereas the less effective directions elicited I1 and I2 waves with a similar frequency. Higher stimulus intensities resulted in concomitant activation of D through I3 waves with increasing amount of D waves, but still the predominance of I1 waves was apparent. The amount of I waves, especially of I1 waves, was greater than predicted by the hypothesis that TMS over the leg motor area activates the output cells directly, but rather suggests predominant transsynaptic activation. The results accord with those of recent human epidural recordings.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for epilepsy in older adults.

The authors assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for refractory epilepsy in 45 adults 50 years of age and older. They determined seizure frequency, adverse effects, and quality of life. At 3 months, 12 patients had a >50% decrease in seizure frequency; at 1 year, 21 of 31 studied individuals had a >50% seizure decrease. Side effects were mild and transient. Quality of life scores improved significantly with time.

Electric Stimulation↗