PubMed · 8822034
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
M L Smith. 1996. Tinea capitis.. https://doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19960201-10
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The activity of copolymer 1 (Cop 1, Copaxone, glatiramer acetate) in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients when injected parenterally has been extensively demonstrated. In the present study we addressed the question of whether Cop 1 can induce oral tolerance to EAE similar to myelin basic protein (MBP). We now have demonstrated that oral Cop 1 inhibited EAE induction in both rats and mice. Furthermore, oral Cop 1 was more effective than oral MBP in suppressing EAE in rats. The beneficial effect of oral Cop 1 was found to be associated with specific inhibition of the proliferative and Th1 cytokine secretion responses to MBP of spleen cells from Cop 1-fed mice and rats. In all of these assays, oral Cop 1 was more effective than oral MBP. The tolerance induced by Cop 1 could be adoptively transferred with spleen cells from Cop 1-fed animals. Furthermore, Cop 1-specific T cell lines, which inhibit EAE induction in vivo, could be isolated from the above spleen cells. These T cell lines secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor type beta, but not IL-4, in response to both Cop 1 and MBP. In conclusion, oral Cop 1 has a beneficial effect on the development of EAE that is associated with down-regulation of T cell immune responses to MBP and is mediated by Th2/3 type regulatory cells. These results suggest that oral administration of Cop 1 may modulate multiple sclerosis as well.
Gastric emptying of oral silicone dosage forms was studied in humans by gamma-scintigraphy. To achieve a constant and predictable residence time in the stomach, three different formulations based on known concepts such as controlled swelling were investigated. The importance of physical parameters such as size or shape were also examined to assess the feasibility of designing a dosage form for gastric retention. Three shapes: minimatrices, extruded rods and moulded slabs were screened. To label the silicone polymer, two isotopes, used routinely in nuclear medicine departments, were selected: iodine-123 and indium-111. To select the most suitable isotope, the yield and the stability of the labelling were determined in vitro on the pharmaceutical dosage forms. The residence time of these silicone formulations, labelled with iodine and administered in hard gelatine capsules, was monitored in 12 subjects with a gamma camera. The study was performed under fed conditions after ingestion of a standardised meal labelled with indium. The minimatrices provided at least 3 h retention, slabs exhibited 4 h 40 min retention. For the rods the mean residence time in the stomach was around 4 h 20 min. In addition, a correlation was established between the gastric emptying of rods and the half-gastric residence time of meal. On the contrary, such a correlation was not observed for the slabs.