PubMed · 8717968
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A Needham. 1996-06-19. Inside view.. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.10.39.20.s43
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether individuals who engage in binge eating appraise and cope with stressful situations in a different manner than people who do not regularly binge eat. METHOD: Female undergraduates participated in a two-part study. The laboratory portion of the study involved participation in two tasks: an interpersonal stressor and an academic stressor. In the second portion of the study, participants completed a daily stress inventory for 1 week. RESULTS: Individuals in the binge group appraised both the laboratory and natural environment stressors as more stressful than did the controls. Differences were evident in the amount and type of coping strategies used between eating groups. The binge group reported using more positive coping strategies and more catastrophizing in both settings. DISCUSSION: Together, the results suggest that appraisal and coping or stress management components may be useful in treatment packages for individuals who binge eat.
METHODS: This study describes a particular psychological intervention offered to a unique self-selected population of cancer patients who, 50 years earlier, had experienced the extreme trauma of the Holocaust. A total of 45 patients in follow-up at the Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Department at the Hadassah University Hospital were approached. Two self-reports were administered: the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess psychological distress, and the Impact of Events Scale to assess intrusion and avoidance. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in distress by the specific short-term psychological intervention used in this traumatized population. However, 3 months later the improvement virtually disappeared. CONCLUSION: This study failed to demonstrate a long-lasting effect of behavioral intervention upon Holocaust survivors with cancer.
OBJECTIVE: This study is the first part of a longitudinal investigation of the retirement process. This stage of the inquiry concerned how older persons anticipate their retirement. METHOD: Thirty-two workers were randomly selected from all workers age 63 years in a suburb of Stockholm. They participated in semistructured interviews about their work and their expectations for retirement. RESULTS: The participants narratives illustrated the complex work of interpreting the past and expected meaning in one's occupational life. The narratives, which anticipated widely different future trajectories, revealed many of the challenges and dilemmas of anticipating retirement and the close association of work experience to expectations for retirement. In particular, the narratives highlighted the participants' concerns about maintaining the quality of experience in activity. The findings also demonstrate the process by which persons anticipate and make choices about life change. CONCLUSIONS: People anticipate retirement through volitional narratives in which they link together past, present, and future. Understanding this volitional process of interpreting, anticipating, and making choices is important to understanding how people adapt to life changes.