PubMed · 869201
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R Borchers. 1977-05-01. Allantoin determination.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90443-2
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A novel Cryptococcus species is proposed to accommodate a yeast strain (CBS 9604) able to assimilate allantoin as sole carbon source, a characteristic very uncommon among yeasts. By traditional methods, the strain could not be distinguished from Cryptococcus laurentii, but nucleotide sequences of the D1D2 region of the large subunit (26S) and of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA showed relationship to the Bulleromyces clade of the genus Cryptococcus (order Tremellales) with some Tremella spp. as the closest relatives. A traditional morphological and physiological description of the strain is given. Data on the assimilation of some C2 compounds and polysaccharides are provided and compared with those of other type strains of novel species of the C. laurentii complex.
BACKGROUND: Severe ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a risk factor for delayed graft function. Delayed graft function remains difficult to predict, and it currently relies primarily on serum creatinine (SCr), urine output, and occasionally on graft biopsy. (1)H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) based metabolomics was used to establish IR-specific metabolic markers in both blood and kidney tissue. These markers were compared to SCr and graft histology. METHODS: Male Lewis rats were used for kidney transplantation. Two cold ischemia (CI) groups (24- and 42-hour) and two transplantation groups [after 24 (TX24) and after 42 hours (TX42) of CI] were compared to a control group. Whole blood and kidney tissue were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: SCr levels taken 24 hours after transplantation were 1.6 +/- 0.12 mg/dL (TX24) and 2.1 +/- 0.5 mg/dL (TX42), (P= n.s.). Histology samples revealed mild injury in the TX24 group and severe injury in the TX42 group. A significantly decreased level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and elevated levels of allantoin, a marker of oxidative stress, was found in the renal tissue. In the blood, both trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a marker of renal medullary injury, and allantoin were significantly increased. Allantoin levels were low in both the control and CI groups. Levels were significantly increased after reperfusion (control 0.02 +/- 0.03 micromol/mL, TX24 1.13 +/- 0.22, and TX42 1.89 +/- 0.38, P < 0.001), and correlated with cold ischemia time (r= 0.96) and TMAO (r= 0.94). CONCLUSION: The (1)H-NMR metabolic profiles of both the mild and severe IR groups revealed significant changes consistent with graft histology, while the SCr did not.
OBJECTIVE: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience excess morbidity and mortality due to coronary artery disease (CAD) that cannot be fully explained by the classical CAD risk factors. Among emerging CAD risk factors, oxidative stress is currently being emphasized. We evaluated the effects of longterm antioxidant vitamins on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense and endothelial function in 39 patients with SLE. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either placebo or vitamins (500 mg vitamin C and 800 IU vitamin E daily) for 12 weeks. Markers of oxidative stress included malondialdehyde (MDA) and allantoin. Antioxidants measured included erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, plasma total antioxidant power (as FRAP value), and ascorbic acid and vitamin E concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Primary outcome of the study included the change in lipid peroxidation as revealed by MDA levels. Secondary outcomes included changes in allantoin and antioxidant levels and change in endothelial function. RESULTS: After treatment, plasma ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased only in the vitamin-treated group, associated with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in plasma MDA. Other oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels remained unchanged in both groups. FMD and vWF and PAI-1 levels remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: Combined administration of vitamins C and E was associated with decreased lipid peroxidation, but did not affect endothelial function in patients with SLE after 3 months of therapy.