PubMed · 8650380
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J Muñoz González, J E Guerrero Sanz. 1996. [Intoxications: current issues].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8650380/
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This study examines the effects of profound hypothermia on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in ethanol administrated rats. Vascular permeability to intravenously injected Evans blue (EB) was quantitatively examined in the brain regions of rats. Rats were treated with ethanol acute and chronically. Rectal temperature of rats was dropped into 20+/-1 degrees C during profound hypothermia. Mean arterial blood pressure in both acute and chronic ethanol treatments plus hypothermia significantly dropped into low levels as well as in hypothermia alone (P<0.01). Hypothermia led to a significant increase in the content of EB dye in the brain regions of rats (P<0.05). Both acute and chronic ethanol treatments plus hypothermia did not lead to a significant increase in the BBB permeability against intravenously injected EB dye. We conclude that ethanol intake protects the BBB against the effects of hypothermia.
The effect of histamine on the sensory activity of primary afferents was studied in normal and acutely inflamed cat knee joints. A subpopulation of groups III and IV articular afferents could be activated by close-arterial bolus injections of histamine: units with a high resting activity (about 100/min) were particular sensitive to histamine and were excited even by 3.3 fg histamine. The lower the resting discharges of groups III and IV units both from normal and acutely inflamed joints, the higher the dose of histamine (up to 3.3 or 33 microg) necessary to excite the nerve fibres. Thirty-seven of 39 units without any resting activity were completely insensitive to histamine. In contrast to its clear excitatory effect, histamine caused only minor changes in the responses to joint movements. Movement-evoked activity remained unchanged in 22 of 28 units, 1 unit was sensitized and 5 units showed reduced activity after histamine (3.3 microg). The present results support the notion that histamine may participate in the mediation of pain from injured or inflamed tissue. It is remarkable that histamine has a profound excitatory action on a proportion of both groups III and IV articular afferents without changing their sensitivity to joint movements.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prophylactic, short-term penicillin V treatment during upper respiratory tract infections can prevent the occurrence of recurrent acute otitis media in young children. METHODS: Seventy children were studied in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. All children had suffered their first episode of acute otitis media before the age of 6 months. After inclusion in the study group, administration of penicillin V or placebo was initiated by the parents at subsequent upper respiratory tract infections. The children were examined by otomicroscopy within 3 days after treatment was initiated. The children were scheduled for a total follow-up period of 12 months, including bimonthly visits for check-up irrespective of treatment periods. RESULTS: There were 304 treated episodes of upper respiratory tract infection. There was no significant difference in the number of acute otitis episodes between groups. CONCLUSION: Initiation of penicillin V prophylaxis at upper respiratory tract infection in small children did not prevent recurrent acute otitis media in this study.