PubMed · 8618515
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J Magee, R Freeman, A Barrett, H Attrill, N F Lightfoot. 1996-02-17. Testing for tuberculosis.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90056-2
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Low frequency ultrasound (LFUS) significantly enhances skin permeability to a variety of drugs; however, its bacterial effects have not been well studied. Staphylococcus epidermidis organisms were grown and standardized to 10(5) cfu/ml 24 h prior to investigation and suspended in normal saline. LFUS was applied with two probes immersed in the bacterial suspensions over a range of suspension volumes, intensities, and exposure times. The suspension temperature was measured, and a sample was removed, streaked onto blood agar plates, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Quantitative bacterial counts were then obtained. LFUS resulted in significant reductions in bacterial counts that correlated with fluid temperature. Probe size and ultrasound intensity appeared to affect bacterial counts, but were also correlated with temperature. Bacterial growth was minimal with temperatures exceeding 45 degrees C. While LFUS can reduce bacterial counts, these conditions have the potential to cause burns in humans.
Millipore HPC samplers are simple, self-contained test devices that can be used by personnel in dental offices who do not have microbiologic training to easily and economically monitor dental unit water quality without laboratory support. This study evaluated the correlation of HPC samplers to R2A agar for enumerating planktonic bacteria in dental unit treatment water. Eight different dental units were sampled. Five replicates were performed for each media at each dilution. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the R2A agar and HPC sampler is 0.89. These data suggest HPC samplers correlate with conventional laboratory-based R2A culture techniques for determining dental unit water line contamination.
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare a CCD-based sensor and a storage phosphor plate with respect to patient discomfort and the efficacy of a simple cross-infection control procedure in connection with a posterior bitewing examination. METHODS: 130 patients accepted to have one posterior bitewing of the left and right side taken with two digital radiography systems, the Digora phosphor plate and the Trophy RVG XL, CCD-based sensor system. The patients assessed their feeling of discomfort after the examination on a 100-mm. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Microbiological samples were taken from the RVG sensor and cord and from the Digora envelope, plate and scanner during examination of 14 patients. The samples were plated and incubated anaerobically, and the colony-forming units counted. RESULTS: Median VAS score for discomfort was 20 min for Digora and 32 min for the RVG sensor (P < 0.001). Median total counts of cultivable bacteria were low (< 20), the majority being catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive rods, presumably skin bacteria. Only the samples taken from the enveloped Digora plate and the rubber tube coated RVG sensor immediately after exposure yielded large numbers of oral bacteria. CONCLUSION: The phosphor plate was less unpleasant than the CCD sensor. Cross-contamination posed a minor problem for both systems when a simple, standard hygiene procedure was followed.