PubMed · 8541466
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P May, J Sinkkonen, H Tiitinen. 1995-09-11. Reply--dipole problems.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199509000-00003
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In this paper, the electromagnetic and thermal behavior of interstitial applicators was analyzed by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. Two configurations were considered: a simple insulated dipole antenna radiating in a layered tissue, and an air cooled applicator radiating in a tissue-equivalent phantom. The proposed approach allows a detailed modeling of the complete structure of the applicator. Furthermore, Specific Absorption Rate and temperature distributions can be determined considering real clinical or experimental conditions. The temperature distribution for the air cooled applicator has been compared with experimental results.
As a consequence of the variation with frequency of the attenuation and phase velocity of electromagnetic waves in tissue, the shape (variation of the electric field with time) of short electromagnetic pulses incident on tissue changes with depth of penetration. We show that a conjecture that such well-known and long understood changes in pulse shape may generate harmful biological effects is not credible. We also consider the suggestion that such pulses may be useful in medical imaging and the mapping of the electrical properties of complex tissues and show that such use is impracticably difficult for fundamental reasons.