PubMed · 8368479
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M L'age, J L'age-Stehr. 1993. [AIDS].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8368479/
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Alveolar macrophages, which form a principal line of defense against a variety of pulmonary pathogens, may themselves be infected by viruses like human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), which impair their defensive functions. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a multifunctional cytokine, has been considered for therapeutic use based on its potent inhibition of HIV-1 in these cells. We have further examined the effects of IL-13 on alveolar macrophages under conditions that reflect those seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, where this cell type is often infected by the opportunistic pathogen human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Alveolar macrophages exposed to both HCMV and HIV-1 consistently exhibited higher levels of HIV-1 replication than cells exposed to HIV-1 alone. HIV-1 production was strongly suppressed in alveolar macrophages treated with IL-13 regardless of whether or not the cultures were coinfected with HCMV. However, IL-13 treatment markedly enhanced the expression of HCMV in otherwise latently infected macrophages in a dose dependent manner. These unexpected differential effects of IL-13 on host-virus interactions are important considerations in guiding its potential therapeutic applications.
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is a disseminated protozoal infection that occurs in areas of the world other than North America. In endemic regions, kala-azar is also an opportunistic infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We report a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated kala-azar acquired abroad that was first expressed in New York City. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who have lived or traveled abroad may present in this country with unusual infections.
We report on a 39-year-old AIDS patient who presented a generalized cryptococcal disease with involvement of the lungs and central nervous system. Although the initial symptoms were mild and uncharacteristic, the radiological finding of cavernous destructions of the lungs (cryptococcoma) was detectable. The patient recovered after an initial 3 week therapy with amphotericin B and fluconazole followed by secondary prevention with fluconacole. The cavernous destructions receded within 4 months. Though the respiratory tract is the presumed port of entry for Cryptococcus neoformans, a cavernous destruction of pulmonary tissue without a diffuse infiltration of the lungs is a rare manifestation of cryptococcosis even in HIV patients.