PubMed · 8367316
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Q Q Cai, I Touitou. 1993-08-11. Excess PCR primers may dramatically affect SSCP efficiency.. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar%2F21.16.3909
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The roles of tumor stroma in carcinogenesis are still unclear. This study was aimed at designing an in vitro model for investigating the effects of stromal fibroblasts in the invasive growth of squamous cell carcinoma. Using two cancer cell lines, we performed three-dimensional co-culture with dermal equivalents to evaluate the effects of fibroblasts in cancer invasion. In vitro models for cellular interaction study were designed as follows: a collagen gel-based direct co-culture model (C-Dr) and a collagen gel-based indirect co-culture model (C-In). The invasive growth was found only in the dermal equivalents with fibroblasts. MMP-2 activity could be induced by direct contact between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts. Cathepsin D was also highly expressed when co-cultured with cancer cells and fibroblasts. The present study demonstrated that the presence of fibroblasts is essential in cancer invasion and that collagen gel-based co-culture models might be useful for invasive study.
Although the majority of meningiomas, commonly benign tumors (WHO I), are amenable to surgical resection, a percentage of up to 3% will recur as higher-grade meningiomas with potential brain invasion. Our study aims at the in situ identification of proteolytic, extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes in a broad spectrum of meningiomas. We examined 80 meningiomas (50 classic meningiomas WHO I, 19 meningiomas WHO II, including atypical, chordoid, and clear cell types, as well as 11 anaplastic meningiomas WHO III) for the immunohistochemical expression patterns of cathepsin D and metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Meningiomas of all types and grades revealed a distinct expression of MMP-9 and cathepsin D, while MMP-2 was found predominantly in WHO II and III meningiomas. There was a significant increase in positive tumor cells from WHO grade I to II and III for MMP-2 (p<0.001), but not for cathepsin D (p=0.099). MMP-9 displayed an increased number of positive tumor cells from WHO grade I to II, but a decrease in WHO III meningiomas (p<0.002). Routine screening for the expression of metalloproteinases and cathepsin D will not reveal any new diagnostically or prognostically relevant information. However, these factors may represent a potential target for pharmacological blocking as an anti-invasive therapy.
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