PubMed · 8355803
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E C Holmes, A J Brown, P Simmonds. 1993-08-26. Sequence data as evidence.. https://doi.org/10.1038/364766b0
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The impact of HIV-associated immunopathogenesis on B cells has been largely associated with indirect consequences of viral replication. This study demonstrates that HIV interacts directly with B cells in both lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood. B cells isolated from lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 4 and 23 chronically infected patients, respectively, demonstrated similar capacities to pass virus to activated HIV-negative PBMCs when compared with CD4(+) cells from the same patients. However, in contrast to T cells, virus associated with B cells was surface bound, as shown by its sensitivity to pronase and the staining pattern revealed by in situ amplification of HIV-1 RNA. Cell sorting and ligand displacing approaches established that CD21 was the HIV-binding receptor on B cells, and that this association was mediated through complement-opsonized virus. These B cells were also found to express significantly lower levels of CD21 compared with HIV-negative individuals, suggesting a direct perturbing effect of HIV on B cells. These findings suggest that B cells, although they themselves are not readily infected by HIV, are similar to follicular dendritic cells in their capacity to serve as extracellular reservoirs for HIV-1. Furthermore, B cells possess the added capability of circulating in peripheral blood and migrating through tissues where they can potentially interact with and pass virus to T cells.
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The otorhinolaryngological manifestations (ENTM) in AIDS were first described in 1983. Continuing research confirmed that the ENTM reached up to 100% of the infected individuals. In the infant population, this percentage is also found, differing by presenting specific ENTM. The main objectives of this study were to define the most common ENTM in HIV children and to observe the difference, when compared to non-infected children. The HIV detection was also correlated with the appearance of the first ENTM. The observational, case-control research involved the study of 40 children over a period of 1 year. It was found that HIV children have a higher occurrence of ENTM, herpes simplex virus gingivostomatitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and parotid hypertrophy. On the other hand, the proportion of children who developed rhinosinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM) and oral candidiasis (OC) were not statistically different among the groups. However, 90% of the HIV children presented at least one ENTM, as opposed to 45% of the immunocompetent children. Differences in the occurrence of the ENTM were noticed, some more suggestive of the HIV infection. Furthermore, the majority of the infected children had their first ENTM diagnosed before the infection of HIV was established.