PubMed · 8309667
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A Harrison. 1993. Be prepared.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8309667/
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The dust derived from an aluminium electrolytic plant was collected on a filter, then extracted by mixed solvent of benzene, hexane and isopropanol (7/2/1, v/v). The solvent-soluble components was separated into five fractions, namely organic acids, organic alkalis, aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds. The genotoxicities of the dust organic extract and its five fractions were examined with Ames test, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), micronucleus (MN) and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) tests in human lymphocytes in vitro which involve the different test systems (bacteria and mammalian cells) and three genetic endpoints (gene mutation, chromosome aberration and DNA damage). The results of four experiments indicated that the dust organic extract showed higher genotoxicity. Among the five fractions, three fractions, namely organic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds had higher genotoxicity than others. The other fractions, organic alkalis and aliphatic hydrocarbons had no genotoxicity. According to this study, it is necessary to take effective measures to abate the dust and protect the environment and human health.
It has been previously reported that both short- and long-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present on the surface of freshly generated fumes. The objective of this study was to determine if freshly formed welding fume induces greater lung inflammation and injury in rats due to the presence of reactive oxygen species than aged welding fume. Fume was collected during gas metal arc welding using a stainless steel consumable electrode and found to be of respirable size with a mean diameter of 0.77 microm +/- 0.48. Male CD/VAF rats were dosed intratracheally with the welding fume 30 min (fresh) and 1 and 7 days (aged) after fume collection at a dose of 1.0 mg/100 g b wt. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 h post-instillation. Lung injury and inflammation were assessed by measuring the concentration of neutrophils, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucosaminidase (GLU) in the recovered BAL fluid. More neutrophils and enhanced GLU activity were observed for the 'fresh' group as compared to both 'aged' groups (P < 0.05). Slight, but not significant, elevations were seen in albumin content and LDH activity for the 'fresh' group as compared to the 'aged' groups. No significant differences were observed for any of the parameters when fume aged for 1 and 7 days were compared. When the 'fresh' and 'aged' fumes (12.5, 25, and 50 microg/ml) were suspended in dichlorofluorescin (15 microM), a probe which becomes fluorescent when oxidized, the concentration-dependent increases in fluorescence were greater for the 'fresh' fume versus the 'aged' fumes. We have demonstrated that freshly generated stainless steel welding fume induces greater lung inflammation than 'aged' fume. This is likely due to a higher concentration of ROS on fresh fume surfaces.