PubMed · 8280581
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1993-10-29. Global programme on AIDS.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8280581/
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All blood donations in the United States are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS; in spite of this, potentially infectious donations are still made by donors who are infectious but have not yet developed detectable HIV antibodies. A steady-state model for blood donations is used to calculate the expected number of potentially infectious blood donations made by repeat blood donors in a specified time interval. The expected number of potentially infectious donations made by each infectious blood donor who subsequently becomes HIV positive is calculated, and estimators of this quantity are presented. The relative risks due to donations from repeat and first-time donors is discussed. Estimates of the proportion of all blood donations made at 19 American Red Cross regional blood centers that are potentially infectious are presented.
BACKGROUND: Homeless persons have high mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain causes of death in a group of homeless persons. DESIGN: Cohort study. PATIENTS: 17,292 adults seen by the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program from 1988 to 1993. MEASUREMENTS: Cause-specific mortality rates adjusted for race and rate ratios that compare mortality rates in homeless persons with those in the general population of Boston. RESULTS: Homicide was the leading cause of death among men who were 18 to 24 years of age (mortality rate, 242.7 per 100000 person-years; rate ratio, 4.1). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was the major cause of death in men (mortality rate, 336.5 per 100000 person-years; rate ratio, 2.0) and women (mortality rate, 116.0 per 100000 person-years; rate ratio, 5.0) who were 25 to 44 years of age. Heart disease and cancer were the leading causes of death in persons who were 45 to 64 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of death among homeless adults who have contact with clinicians vary by age group. Efforts to reduce the rate of death among homeless persons should focus on these causes.