PubMed · 8033861
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1994. Plutonium problems.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8033861/
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The "Resuspension" scenario is designed to test models for atmospheric resuspension of radionuclides from contaminated soils. Resuspension can be a secondary source of contamination after a release has stopped, as well as a source of contamination for people and areas not exposed to the original release. The test scenario describes three exposure situations: (1) locations within the highly contaminated 30-km zone at Chernobyl, where exposures to resuspended material are probably dominated by local processes; (2) an urban area (Kiev) outside the 30-km zone, where local processes include extensive vehicular traffic; and (3) a location 40 to 60 km west of the Chernobyl reactor, where upwind sources of contamination are important. Input data include characteristics of the 137Cs ground contamination around specific sites, climatological data for the sites, characteristics of the terrain and topography, and locations of the sampling sites. Predictions are requested for average air concentrations of 137Cs at specified locations due to resuspension of Chernobyl fallout and for specified resuspension factors and rates. Test data (field measurements) are available for all endpoints.
A one-dimensional numerical model for 222Rn transport in an atmospheric boundary layer was developed. The model consists of two parts: a prognostic hydrodynamic model including a turbulence closure model and an atmospheric diffusion model for 222Rn. The first part predicts meteorological conditions to provide the second part with vertical turbulence conditions which affects the vertical motion of 222Rn near the Earth's surface. Calculations with the model are compared with 222Rn concentrations measured during a variety of meteorological conditions, from clear days with high radiation and low winds to cloudy days of low radiation with high winds. The model's results represent well the typical diurnal variations of the 222Rn concentrations.
This paper describes a new type of three-dimensional numerical model for 222Rn transport in an atmospheric boundary layer. The model is a combination of a prognostic hydrodynamic meteorological model including a turbulence closure model and an atmospheric diffusion model for 222Rn. The first part provides the second part with the meteorological conditions needed for calculations of the 222Rn transport and diffusion. The model is capable of giving consideration to horizontal source distribution, complex terrain, and non-uniform and non-steady atmosphere. The model's results were compared with 222Rn field measurements in a mountain-valley area and represented qualitatively a typical diurnal variation of the 222Rn concentration in nocturnal drainage flows. The model was also applied to the transport of 222Rn in a seacoast area. These results indicated that the model could be effective as a research tool for numerical analysis of 222Rn behavior under various atmospheric conditions.