PubMed · 7775096
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W Müller-Felber, D Pongratz. 1995. [Paresthesia].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7775096/
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The afferent and efferent connections of the gymnotiform central posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus and prepacemaker nucleus (CP/PPn) were examined by retrograde and anterograde transport of the small molecular weight tracer, Neurobiotin. The CP/PPn was identified by physiological assay and received a local iontophoretic injection of Neurobiotin. Retrogradely labeled somata were observed in the ventral telencephalon, hypothalamus, and the pretectal nucleus electrosensorius. Anterogradely labeled fibers were traced from the CP/PPn to the ventral telencephalon, the hypothalamus, the neuropil immediately adjacent to the most rostral subdivision of the nucleus electrosensorius, the optic tectum, and the pacemaker nucleus. Retrograde transport of tracer following injections into the ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, tectum, and pacemaker nucleus confirmed these efferent targets. A rostromedial subarea of the CP/PPn can be identified that projects to basal forebrain regions and to a lateral region of the CP/PPn that contains afferents to the pacemaker. Many of the targets, which are connected with the CP/PPn, have been linked to reproductive behavior or neuroendocrine control in other fishes. A comparative analysis reveals that the efferent pathways of the CP/PPn appear similar and may be homologous to efferent pathways of some components of the auditory thalamus among tetrapods.
Potential sources of cerebellar cortical afferent fibers were identified in the vestibular ganglion, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellar nucleus of seven anesthetized Macaca fuscata after local injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or Fast Blue into the flocculus (FL) or ventral paraflocculus (VP). There were differences in the sources of mossy fibers to the FL and VP. Labeled neurons, after injections into the FL, were located mainly in the ipsilateral vestibular ganglion, bilaterally in the vestibular and prepositus hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, and the central part of the mesencephalic reticular formation including the raphe nuclei. Labeled neurons were rarely seen in the pontine nuclei after injections into the FL. By contrast, after injections into the VP, numerous labeled neurons were located in the contralateral pontine nuclei, but relatively few in the vestibular nuclei bilaterally. Sources of climbing fibers to the FL and VP were completely contralateral to the injection side. After the injection into the FL and VP, labeled neurons were located in the dorsal cap, ventrolateral outgrowth, and ventral part of the medial accessory olivary nucleus. The projections from these three olivary areas were generally consistent with a zonal pattern of terminations in the FL and VP. The present results are consistent with a hypothesis that the FL is mainly involved in the control of vestibulo-ocular reflex and that the VP is mainly involved in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements.
Mutations affecting the connexin 32 (Cx32) gene are associated with the X-linked form of the hereditary peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX). We show that Cx32-deficient mice develop a late-onset progressive peripheral neuropathy with abnormalities comparable to those associated with CMTX, thus providing proof of the critical role of Cx32 in the maintenance of peripheral nerve myelin and an animal model for CMTX. Frequently observed features include abnormally thin myelin sheaths, cellular onion bulb formation reflecting myelin degeneration-induced Schwann cell proliferation, and enlarged periaxonal collars while nerve conductance properties are altered only slightly. These observations are consistent with earlier hypotheses suggesting a function of Cx32 as a channel-forming protein that facilitates the communication between the abaxonal and adaxonal aspects of Schwann cell cytoplasm.