PubMed · 7728448
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1995. Disappointing appointments.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7728448/
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate doctors', nurses' and medical students' experiences with, and attitudes of health care personnel towards, crying in hospitals. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, using self-report questionnaires. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The sample comprised 52 doctors (response rate, 33%) and 103 nurses (response rate, 58%) from three Sydney metropolitan general hospitals, and 101 sixth-year medical students (response rate, 99%). RESULTS: Crying was frequent in hospitals; 57% of doctors, 76% of nurses and 31% of medical students had cried at work in the hospital at least once, and women cried significantly more often than men. Being a nurse significantly increased, whereas being a medical student significantly decreased, the likelihood of crying. Medical students reported the highest percentage of negative social consequences of their own crying (e.g., being ridiculed or screamed at). The main reason for all respondents' crying was identification and bonding with suffering and dying patients or their families. The respondents generally viewed crying by patients as a healthy response, and they were empathetic towards the crying patient. About one-third of the respondents were interested in (or would consider) using psychological help to explore their own emotional reactions to crying. CONCLUSION: Despite its limited sample, this study suggests that the topic of "crying" should be included in medical training, and that support be provided for medical staff who are distressed by crying behaviour in hospitals.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether individuals who engage in binge eating appraise and cope with stressful situations in a different manner than people who do not regularly binge eat. METHOD: Female undergraduates participated in a two-part study. The laboratory portion of the study involved participation in two tasks: an interpersonal stressor and an academic stressor. In the second portion of the study, participants completed a daily stress inventory for 1 week. RESULTS: Individuals in the binge group appraised both the laboratory and natural environment stressors as more stressful than did the controls. Differences were evident in the amount and type of coping strategies used between eating groups. The binge group reported using more positive coping strategies and more catastrophizing in both settings. DISCUSSION: Together, the results suggest that appraisal and coping or stress management components may be useful in treatment packages for individuals who binge eat.
This report examines perceptions of social support and family dynamics in bone marrow transplant (BMT) long-term survivors, as part of a larger study examining issues of quality of life and psychosocial adjustment in this patient group. Ninety one BMT survivors participated in the study. Their responses were compared with those of a matched control group of 73 patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy (MC). The results indicated that the BMT group received more social support than the MC group. Main sources of support were the patients' immediate family members. No significant differences in the typology and dynamics of family environments were observed between groups. However, the groups were significantly different compared with healthy, non-distressed families in cohesion, control and conflict. It was of importance to note that a considerable number of BMT subjects reported at least one nurse as a person who provides support to them, indicating the potential important role of nurses in the psychosocial adjustment of BMT long-term survivors. Strong family relationships were associated in both the BMT and MC groups with significantly better adjustment with respect to their domestic, extended family or social environment, and psychological distress. Social support and family relationships might be two of the main spheres of life contributing to higher levels of quality of life, and their important role as a stressor-filter is highlighted.