PubMed · 7704789
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L E Mallette. 1994. Pseudohypoparathyroidism.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7704789/
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The sun is our most important source of vitamin D. Exposure to solaria, in sub-erythemogenic doses, also gives large amounts of this vitamin. The ultraviolet radiation in these sources converts 7-dihydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in the skin. Furthermore, heat isomerization to vitamin D3 takes place, then transport to the liver and hydroxylation to calcidiol, which is transported to the kidneys and hydroxylated to the active hormone calcitriol. The vitamin D3 status of the body is supposed to be reliably imaged by calcidiol measurements. Calcidiol levels above 12.5 nmol/l prevent rickets and osteomalacia, but optimal levels are probably higher, in the range 100-250 nmol/l. A daily food intake of 100-200 microg vitamin D3 (50-100 g cod-liver oil), or a weekly exposure to two minimal erythemal doses of ultraviolet radiation (20 to 40 minutes whole body exposure to midday midsummer sun in Oslo, Norway), will give this level. An adequate supply of vitamin D3 seems to reduce the incidence rates or improve the prognosis of several cancer forms, including prostate, breast and colon cancer, as well as of lymphomas. Several other diseases are related to a low vitamin D3 status: heart diseases, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and arthritis. The action mechanisms of vitamin D are thought to be mainly related to its known cell-differentiating and immuno-modulating effects. Even though most of the 250 annual death cases from skin cancer in Norway are caused by sun exposure, we should, in view of the health effects of ultraviolet radiation, consider modifying our restrictive attitude towards sun exposure and use of solaria.
Osteoporosis is an important public health issue among men, affecting up to 20% of all men in the United States >50 years of age. The social and economic costs of male osteoporosis are profound but can be minimized by a preventive approach, including early identification and treatment of men at risk for this potentially crippling disease. As part of this preventive approach, clinicians should screen susceptible patients for vitamin D deficiency, a commonly occurring, highly correctable risk factor for osteoporosis. Appropriate detection of vitamin D deficiency in men at risk for osteoporosis and adequate correction of this deficiency will significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with male osteoporosis.
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