Simple urodynamic techniques.

Abstract

Urodynamics is defined as a set of tests used to measure lower urinary tract function. For many health care professionals, the term urodynamics is limited to complex techniques that require sophisticated analog or computerized equipment capable of measuring flow, pressure, and electromyography. However, simple urodynamic techniques offer continence nurses and their patients a set of practical, safe, and inexpensive methods for the evaluation of urinary incontinence. This article provides specific indications for simple urodynamic evaluation, with a detailed discussion of application and interpretation of patient history, bladder records, pad tests, observation of urinary stream, postvoid residual measurement, and bedside cystometry with "eyeball" and manometer techniques.