Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 7654974

Inexpensive complex hand model.

P Frenger
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

This paper describes a functional model of the human hand suitable for design and testing of various motion control systems. A five digit arrangement (four fingers with opposable thumb) with anthropomorphic joints is used which provide a physiologic range of motion from the phalanges through the wrist. These joints can be operated by various actuators (ie: contractile wire, stepper motors, hydraulics, pneumatics) with or without position/force feedback sensors. The construction techniques utilize cheap, readily obtainable materials which can easily be formed and assembled with common modelmaker's tools. Students and teaching laboratories will be able to afford the basic hand system. The model is sophisticated enough to serve as a platform for non-trivial applications such as research (prosthetics/rehabilitation), teaching, and aids for the handicapped. Construction plans are available from the author.

Explore related subjects

Biomechanical PhenomenaBiomedical EngineeringHandHumansModels, AnatomicJournal ArticleReview

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

P Frenger. 1995. Inexpensive complex hand model.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7654974/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1995

Characterization of the unique mechanism mediating the shear-dependent binding of soluble von Willebrand factor to platelets.

We have studied the mechanism of interaction between soluble von Willebrand factor (vWF), labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and platelets exposed to shear in a cone-and-plate viscometer. A flow cytometer calibrated with fluorescent bead standards was used to calculate the number of molecules associated with each platelet in suspension. To validate the methods and reagents used, binding of the same labeled vWF was assessed in the presence of ristocetin or alpha-thrombin and found to be saturable, with a narrow and symmetric distribution on > 90% of the platelets. As expected, essentially all bound ligand interacted exclusively with platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha in the presence of ristocetin and with GP IIb-IIIa after stimulation with alpha-thrombin. In contrast, only a minor proportion (< 20%) of the platelets exposed to shear were found to bind vWF, with no evidence for saturation and markedly decreased interaction when the platelet count was below 100,000 microliters. Moreover, shear-induced vWF binding was blocked equally effectively by selected monoclonal antibodies against either GP Ib alpha or GP IIb-IIIa or against the respective binding sites in vWF. Thus, both receptors are involved in the process, possibly through initial transient interactions mediated by GP Ib alpha that lead to platelet activation and subsequent irreversible binding supported by GP IIb-IIIa. While the levels of shear stress theoretically applied to platelets in these experiments are above those thought to occur in the normal circulation, our findings demonstrate a unique vWF binding mechanism that is not mimicked by other known modulators and correlates with platelet aggregation. Similar processes may occur in response to lower shear stress when platelets are exposed to thrombogenic surfaces and agonists generated at sites of vascular injury during thrombus formation.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗