PubMed · 7588472
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Prostate gene isolated.. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.103-1522186
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Extensive phenotypic diversity or variation exists in clonal populations of microorganisms and is thought to play a role in adaptation to novel environments. This phenotypic variation or instability, which occurs by multiple mechanisms, may be a form of cellular differentiation and a stochastic means for modulating gene expression. This work dissects a case of phenotypic variation in a clinically derived Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain involving a cox15 ochre mutation, which acts as a reporter. The ochre mutation reverts to sense at a low frequency while tRNA-Tyr ochre suppressors (SUP-o) arise at a very high frequency to produce this phenotypic variation. The SUP-o mutations are highly pleiotropic. In addition, although all SUP-o mutations within the eight-member tRNA-Tyr gene family suppress the ochre mutation reporter, there are considerable phenotypic differences among the different SUP-o mutants. Finally, and of particular interest, there is a strong position effect on mutation frequency within the eight-member tRNA-Tyr gene family, with one locus, SUP6, mutating at a much higher than average frequency and two other loci, SUP2 and SUP8, mutating at much lower than average frequencies. Mechanisms for the position effect on mutation frequency are evaluated.
Over the past few years, numerous clinical studies have examined genetic technology to detect physical alterations of genes, such as mutations, translocations and amplification of oncogenes, deletion of tumor suppressor genes, the presence of oncogenic viruses, and the expression of genes specific to cancer tissues. The ability to identify individuals at high risk for cancer holds the promise of improved prevention and early diagnosis of cancers. The goal of genetic diagnosis in cancer is to provide information on abnormal oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes using recent molecular biology techniques. We introduced a highly sensitive method of detecting micrometastasis using PCR in prostate cancer, and strategies for guidelines in clinical diagnosis.
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