PubMed · 7588033
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K Berg, W Wilhelm, F Mertzlufft. 1995-11-10. [Cardiovascular function during laparoscopies].. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1234216
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Subsecond dopamine (DA) concentration transients have previously been observed in behaving rats. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that DA transients can be pharmacologically induced in anesthetized rats. Coadministration of the D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol, and the DA uptake inhibitor, nomifensine, results in significantly more DA transients than either drug alone. The results show that both D2 autoreceptors and the dopamine transporter regulate subsecond DA neurotransmission.
The development of PET radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive imaging of cancerous lesions, brain receptors, transporters and enzymes started more than 25 years ago. But till today no established algorithms exist to predict the success of a PET radiopharmaceutical. PET radioligand development is a challenging endeavor and predicting the success of PET ligand can be an elusive undertaking. A large number of PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for imaging, but so far only a few have found application as imaging agents in vivo in humans. Typically, the potential compound selected for development usually has the desired in vitro characteristics but unknown in vivo properties. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the pharmacological constraints and prerequisites. Interspecies difference in metabolism and mass effects are discussed with examples. Finally, some of the practical issues related to laboratory animal imaging using anesthetic agents are also presented.
Since 1st October 2003 the new German "Approbationsordnung für Arzte" (Medical Licensing Regulations) requires an increasing amount of small group teaching sessions and encourages a multidisciplinary and more practical approach to the related topics. In 2004 the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine has provided almost all anaesthesia faculties of German Universities with equipment for full-scale simulation. This article describes methods for a simulation-based medical education training program. Basic requirements for a successful training program using full scale simulators are the provision of an adequate logistical and material infrastructure, teacher attendance of train-the-trainer courses, implementation in the medical curriculum and an instructor-student ratio of 1:3, equivalent to that for bedside teaching. If these requirements were fulfilled, medical students scored the simulation scenarios "induction of anaesthesia", "acute pulmonary embolism", "acute management of a multiple trauma patient" and "postoperative hypotension" as 1.5, 1.6, 1.5 and 1.5, respectively, on a scale of 1-6. These scores were better than those given for other segments of the curriculum.