PubMed · 7457355
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1980. Controlled substances: uses & effects.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7457355/
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The restless legs syndrome is characterised by an imperative desire to move lower legs because of paraesthesias or dysesthesias sometimes associated with pain witch occur at rest. The symptoms temporary relief by activity. Worsening of symptoms in the evening or at night are typical. Therefore patients with RLS often have problems with initiating and maintaining sleep. In polysomnographic investigation typical periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) can be found. The treatment of choice for RLS is levodopa. In case of augmentation or time shifting transfer to dopamine agonists should be considered. Alternative medications are opioids, benzodiazepines or some antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine or gabapentin).
Sleep Disorders are one of the most common complaints of patients seen by general practitioners. Prevalences vary considerably--depending on the kind of research and the definition of sleep disorders--between 4 and 40%. In 2000 the first grand nationwide survey was carried out in primary care settings [1]. 12.3% of the 17,928 questioned stated sleep disorders as the main reason for their consultation, the prevalence of all kinds of sleep disorders being 29%. Like seen in other studies sleep complaints increased with age and predominated significantly in women. In one-third of the sample the differential diagnosis was primary or non-organic insomnia [1] while treatment was mainly conducted by the general practitioner. In two-thirds of the patients sleep disorders existed for more than 12 months while 41%--by their own account--took sleep agents at least once a week. This article gives an overview of the causes and treatment of sleep disorders, particularly therapy of non-organic insomnia.
The pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction has taken central importance among therapeutic approaches for this increasingly recognized, widespread disorder. In the past decade and a half, the specialty of erectile dysfunction management has witnessed an enormous growth in basic scientific interest which has been translated impressively to the clinical arena. Discoveries of regulatory mechanisms involved in penile erection have been garnered both at peripheral neurologic and end organ levels and at central brain and spinal cord levels. These discoveries along with ongoing investigations in the field provide a firm foundation for implementing exciting and effective erectile dysfunction pharmacotherapies both now and in the future. The purpose of this report is to review the current trends and new directions in the pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction.