PubMed · 7402643
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A I Novikov, A M Dmitrieva, Iu A Makhnev. 1980. [Density osteoarthrography].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7402643/
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Crystal structures of the solvated copper(I) and silver(I) perchlorate salts crystallizing from N,N-dimethylthioformamide solution have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 295 K. Tetrakis(N,N-dimethylthioformamide)copper(I) perchlorate, [Cu(SCHN(CH(3))(2))(4)]ClO(4), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/n (No. 13) with a = 8.428(2), b = 9.605(2), and c = 15.096(3) A, beta = 104.35(2) degrees, and Z = 2. The copper(I) ion in a site of C(2) symmetry coordinates four N,N-dimethylthioformamide ligands in a slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination with Cu-S bond distances of 2.3249(8) and 2.3494(8) A. The triclinic (P1, No. 2) tris(N,N-dimethylthioformamide)silver(I) perchlorate, Ag(SCHN(CH(3))(2))(3)ClO(4), with a = 7.4149(5), b = 7.7953(5), and c = 17.1482(1) A, alpha = 98.341(5), beta = 93.910(5), and gamma = 107.084(5) degrees, and Z = 2, contains centrosymmetric Ag(2)(SCHN(CH(3))(2))(6)(2+) dimers in which two almost planar AgS(3) units are held together by an asymmetric double sulfur bridge with one short and one long Ag-S bond, 2.529(1) and 2.930(1) A, respectively. The Ag-S bond distances to the two terminal N,N-dimethylthioformamide ligands are 2.469(1) and 2.543(1) A. The solvated copper(I) and silver(I) ions in solution were found by means of large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) to coordinate four N,N-dimethylthioformamide molecules with the mean Cu-S and Ag-S bond distances 2.36(1) and 2.58(1) A, respectively, probably with distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry, while an EXAFS study gave the Cu-S bond distance 2.34(1) A. EXAFS studies showed a linear S-Au-S entity with an Au-S bond distance of 2.290(5) A in the structure of the solid bis(N,N-dimethylthioformamide)gold(I) tetrafluoroborate, Au(SCHN(CH(3))(2))(2)BF(4). The structure in solution is similar with a mean Au-S bond distance of 2.283(4) A. Raman and infrared vibrational spectra of the solvated copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I) ions in the solid state and N,N-dimethylthioformamide solution have been recorded and assigned.
OBJECTIVES: connective tissues constitutive of skin and bones are affected during the climacteric. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help mitigate their atrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the HRT effect on the skin tensile properties and bone mass density. METHODS: a total of 120 postmenopausal women (60 untreated, 60 receiving HRT) were enrolled in the study. Skin tensile properties were assessed on the volar forearm using a computerized suction device. A 500 mbar suction was applied through a 4-mm diameter hollow probe. Two operating modes were applied using a steep and a progressive suction, respectively. BMD was measured on the hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: in both groups of women skin elasticity was correlated with BMD. HRT significantly reduced the climacteric-associated decline in skin elasticity. A trend in better preserved BMD was also found in these women without, however, reaching significance. CONCLUSIONS: it is concluded that measures of the skin tensile properties can be sensitive enough to disclose HRT efficacy upon connective tissue atrophy. Any decrease in skin elasticity during the climacteric should prompt to perform a BMD assessment.
CONTEXT: Large segments of the population at risk for osteoporosis and fracture have not been evaluated, and the usefulness of peripheral measurements for short-term prediction of fracture risk is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To describe the occurrence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, its risk factors, and fracture incidence during short-term follow-up. DESIGN: The National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment, a longitudinal observational study initiated September 1997 to March 1999, with approximately 12 months of subsequent follow-up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 200 160 ambulatory postmenopausal women aged 50 years or older with no previous osteoporosis diagnosis, derived from 4236 primary care practices in 34 states. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline BMD T scores, obtained from peripheral bone densitometry performed at the heel, finger, or forearm; risk factors for low BMD, derived from questionnaire responses; and clinical fracture rates at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Using World Health Organization criteria, 39.6% had osteopenia (T score of -1 to -2.49) and 7.2% had osteoporosis (T score </=-2.5). Age, personal or family history of fracture, Asian or Hispanic heritage, smoking, and cortisone use were associated with significantly increased likelihood of osteoporosis; higher body mass index, African American heritage, estrogen or diuretic use, exercise, and alcohol consumption significantly decreased the likelihood. Among the 163 979 participants with follow-up information, osteoporosis was associated with a fracture rate approximately 4 times that of normal BMD (rate ratio, 4.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.59-4.53) and osteopenia was associated with a 1.8-fold higher rate (95% CI, 1.49-2.18). CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of this population had previously undetected low BMD, including 7% with osteoporosis. Peripheral BMD results were highly predictive of fracture risk. Given the economic and social costs of osteoporotic fractures, strategies to identify and manage osteoporosis in the primary care setting need to be established and implemented.