PubMed · 7300799
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1981-11-27. Lacrisert.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7300799/
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Cellulosic textiles, constituting over 30% of global fibre production, are biodegradable but remain challenging to recycle at scale owing to their high crystallinity, chemical finishes, and heterogeneous waste streams. Although microorganisms drive cellulose turnover in natural ecosystems, their potential for transforming anthropogenic cellulosic waste remains largely unexplored. In this study, composting was evaluated both as a sustainable approach to textile biodegradation and a reservoir of cellulolytic microorganisms with biotechnological potential. Biodegradation assays of cotton and lyocell were integrated with shotgun metagenomics and targeted cultivation to identify microbial taxa and enzymes involved in cellulose degradation. Composting trials showed that degradation was strongly influenced by both composting system and fibre composition. Community composting achieved near-complete textile disintegration, while shredded textiles exhibited the highest degradation rates, reaching up to 97%. Shotgun metagenomic revealed a bacterial-dominated community enriched in Actinomycetota and Bacillota and characterised by an abundance of glycoside hydrolases. Culture-based screening recovered 62 microbial isolates, of which Neurospora and Aspergillus exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity (>60%). In vitro assays further showed that cotton was more readily degraded than lyocell, with several isolates achieving >70% mass loss. Metagenomic approach revealed a predominantly bacterial composting community at the sampled stage, whereas cultivation preferentially recovered fungi that, despite their low relative abundance in situ, exhibited strong cellulolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of composting as a sustainable end-of-life strategy for cellulosic textiles and identify compost microbiomes as valuable reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for textile waste treatment.
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Heparin (or hydrolyzed heparin) was covalently attached on the surface of derivatized cellulose triacetate membranes, which were subsequently impregnated with the potassium-selective ionophore valinomycin. The resulting ion-selective electrodes presented near-Nernstian response to potassium and had selectivity coefficients of the same order of magnitude as those of conventional poly-(vinyl chloride)-based electrodes. It was found that the heparin layer does not alter significantly the response characteristics of the electrodes. The biological activity of the immobilized heparin (or hydrolyzed heparin) was measured in terms of its inactivation of blood coagulation factor Xa. It was found that the covalently anchored hydrolyzed heparin was not biologically active, but the immobilized heparin was able to inactivate factor Xa. Therefore, by covalently attaching heparin on the surface of ion-selective electrodes, electrodes with improved blood compatibility characteristics may be prepared.