PubMed · 7274035
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T L Rehder, A J Ericson, W J Cady, S A Edwards. 1981. A practical dissertation on the "PD".. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808101500306
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A pharmacy residency on-call program designed to contribute to residents' competence in patient care and to extend the functions of the pharmacy department is described. The program, which was begun at the University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center in 1984, offers a supportive environment in which the resident is held accountable for pursuing optimal outcomes of drug therapy. The program provides opportunities for the resident to engage in independent decision-making, care for a wide variety of patients, and manage acute illness. On-call services are provided in single 24-hour shifts beginning at 0800 each day. Residents assess and respond to supratherapeutic serum drug concentrations, perform pharmacokinetic monitoring, provide drug information, evaluate patients for specific drug therapy, obtain medication histories for HIV-seropositive patients, and participate in emergency patient management. Residents provide services in the absence of the primary pharmacist on nights, weekends, and holidays and devote a four-hour period to drug distribution. Each pharmacy resident participates in the on-call program, regardless of the chief focus of his or her residency. Residents' activities are documented electronically, and preceptors give feedback via e-mail. The program and its activities have evolved over the years to reflect changes in pharmacy practice. An on-call program for pharmacy residents provides a valuable learning experience while enhancing patient care.
Since there was an increasing demand for highly educated pharmacists with clinical experience, a one-year graduate course in clinical pharmacy practice (Yakugaku Senkouka) was established at Meijo University in 1975. This was aimed to provide pharmacists a training program for clinical skills and hospital settings. The course became a leading school in clinical pharmacy education in Japan. The present study describes what it was like and how it contributed to the development of clinical pharmacy in the country. In this article, the history is divided into five terms ranging from 1975 to 2002. The first term (1975-1979): To introduce the educational system, a system that was modeled on those in USA was introduced. The curriculum of clinical clerkship and the methods for evaluating training process were devised. The second term (1980-1984): Clinical clerkships were systematized and modified to fit to society. A manual textbook for training in clinical pharmacy was edited. The third term (1985-1989): The activities in the course were recognized as a new professional practice of pharmacists in Japan under The New Medical Law and The Law of Healthcare Insurance. The fourth term (1990-1995): Clinical pharmacy became popular nationwide. In Meijo University, a new challenge was made to merge clinical pharmacy skills with scientific backgrounds. The fifth term (1996-2002): To cope with the trends of extending undergraduate pharmacy education to six years, it has been decided that the course will be reorganized into a 2-year master's course in clinical pharmacy and accepted as a graduate course in 2003. The history of the course, a forerunner of clinical pharmacy education in Japan, ended in 2002.
Clinical pharmacy practice education started 30 years ago in Japan. Since 1975, a one-year graduate course, clinical pharmacy practice (Yakugaku Senkouka), has been offered at Meijo University, making it a leading school to raise pharmacists with sufficient experience in hospital settings. This article describes the scope of the course, the development of educational systems to meet public demand for new pharmaceutical skills, and the influences on reforming the Japanese health-care system. The content consists of the following: (1) The process of building up the first curricula of clerkship, (2) requirements for admission, namely including an essay, an interview, school records and an aptitude test, (3) establishing the teaching discipline, (4) achievement goals, (5) learning process modeled on methods used in the United States, (6) establishing the concept of medical ethics, (7) professional status of course graduates, and (8) nationwide influence on the social health-care of the country. The one-year graduate course of clinical pharmacy practice was terminated in 2002 and is to be reintroduced as a two-year graduate school course to cope with the present and future trends in health-care systems.