PubMed · 7271544
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H P Schmitt. 1981. Internalized capillaries.. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1981.00510090095017
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The natural lung is the organ responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and the outside environment. This function is accomplished by the large surface area and high permeability of the gas exchange interface, the alveolar-capillary membrane. These same features are fundamental to the design of an artificial lung, or oxygenator. Additional lung-like features essential to the design of an ideal oxygenator include the ability to achieve balanced oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange with minimal blood damage and blood activation. The purpose of this review is to present the past and current developments of the oxygenator designs in terms of the structural and functional features of the natural lung as well as the limitations in the ability to mimic the features of the lung because of the lack of appropriate technology.
We describe results of a 3-year study in which 499 paired venous and capillary blood specimens, collected by fingerstick on the same day, were analyzed for lead (BPb) and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP). False-positive rates (FPRs) and the proportion of false positives were calculated at four BPb thresholds. At the 100 microg/L threshold, the FPR for all data was 13%, but the proportion of false positives was only 5%. The log ratios of capillary-to-venous BPb data indicate that, with the exception of eight outliers, two subpopulations exist that follow a log-normal distribution. These two subpopulations, the "core" (n = 303) and "shifted" (n = 188) groups, on average generated a positive bias at 100 microg/L BPb of 8.6% and 30.3%, respectively. The log ratios of capillary-to-venous EP data followed a normal distribution, indicating that capillary EP is not statistically different from venous EP.
BACKGROUND: Nailfold capillary microscopy is scientifically established and recognized as a diagnostic tool in clinical routine. It is, however, practiced in only a few centres. METHODS: But since a more widespread use of the method is to be expected for the near future, a consensus-meeting was held, where all German-speaking clinicians and scientists, involved in capillary microscopy, were invited. Here, the technical procedure and the most important morphological parameters were evaluated and defined according to practical clinical aspects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main task of the consensus-meeting was to develop a standard evaluation sheet, accompanied by an explanation sheet. This standard evaluation sheet focuses on semiquantitative registration of morphological parameters like density, dilation, avascular fields, perivascular edema, microbleeding, torsion, atypical capillaries and giant capillaries. This standard evaluation sheet is to be validated by determining the inter-observer-variance. Later-on an illustrated practical guideline will be published.