PubMed · 7241787
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B MacMahon. More on Bendectin.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7241787/
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The specialized literature was reviewed concerning the suspected increasing secular trends in the frequency of female births, male genital congenital anomalies, abnormal sperm counts, and testicular cancer. Although no risk factors could be identified yet, the observed sex ratio decline during the last decades has been considered to be an effect of certain pollutants on normal hormone activity, and human reproductive development. Reported increasing trends in the frequencies of hypospadias and cryptorchidism are very difficult to be interpreted due to the large variability in the registered frequency of these malformations due to operational as well as biological reasons.
This review presents a brief overview of Internet resources that provides information on developmental toxicity. The advantages and limitations of these resources for evaluating human risk and where each one is useful for informing various stages of the risk assessment process (i.e. hazard characterization, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization) are reviewed. How these Internet resources can be utilized to obtain information on and evaluate the developmental risk associated with exposures during pregnancy will be illustrated using toluene. Translating information derived from laboratory and human population studies into clinical management prescriptions for individual patients is difficult. With the increasing availability of Internet resources that provide information relevant for developmental risk assessments, health care professionals will be better equipped to make more accurate estimations of potential risk for their patients.
Teratogenic causes of holoprosencephaly are critically assessed. A brief general review of holoprosencephaly is followed by four tables summarizing etiologic factors. Subjects evaluated here include: 1) maternal diabetes; 2) ethyl alcohol; 3) retinoic acid; 4) mutated genes and teratogens involving the sonic hedgehog signaling network and cholesterol biosynthesis; and 5) cholesterol trafficking, sterol adducts, target tissue response, and sterol sensing domain.