PubMed · 7209719
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P J Smit. 1981-03-21. Apnoeic diving black-out.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7209719/
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Physiological recordings were undertaken to study the temporal relationship between apnea, defined as pauses in nasal airflow (PNA), and desaturation in preterm infants. Seventeen infants with a history of apnea of prematurity were studied on 21 occasions. Median (range) birthweight was 1,180 g (575-2,475) and gestation was 30 weeks (26-33). Median age at time of study was 10 days (range, 2-52). Arterial beat to beat oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), photoplethysmographic waveform, electrocardiogram, abdominal and ribcage breathing movements, and nasal airflow were recorded. Falls in SaO(2) > or = 3% occurring during or after a PNA > or = 4 seconds were recorded. Episodes of periodic breathing were excluded from this analysis. Four hundred and sixteen episodes of PNA and desaturation were analyzed. Application of a definition of "outliers" for non-parametric data suggested an association when the desaturation occurred up to 7.20 seconds after the end of the PNA for infants nursed in air. For infants on oxygen treatment, a temporal association was suggested when desaturation occurred up to 9.76 seconds after the end of PNA.
UNLABELLED: Rotavirus (RV), a common cause of infectious enteritis in young children including neonates, has not been associated with central nervous symptoms in standard textbooks. However, involvement of the CNS has been reported recently in case reports and small series. From 786 neonatal admissions in 1991 we retrospectively analysed the records of 215 inpatient neonates (68 preterm and 147 term infants) who developed diarrhoea during their stay on the neonatal ward and in whom stools were investigated for RV antigen by ELISA. All 215 neonates were continuously monitored for bradycardia-apnoea-episodes (BAE) at least 2 days before and during the entire diarrhoeal period. In neonates with RV antigen in stools (n = 114) we found a higher incidence of BAE compared to neonates with RV negative stools (33% vs 8%, P < 0.001 for bradycardia; 7% vs 0%, P < 0.05 for apnoea). Furthermore, bradycardia episodes of RV positive neonates were more often followed by cyanosis (11 vs 0%, P < 0.05) and intervention was more often necessary (31 vs 14%, P < 0.05) than in the RV negative neonates. CONCLUSION: RV infection was associated with a high incidence of BAE in neonates with diarrhoea during the acute phase of disease suggesting CNS involvement.