PubMed · 7201767
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D E Lees. 1982. Liquid crystal thermometry.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7201767/
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The inflammatory reaction is known to be controlled in neonates. We clarified the characteristics of cytokine profile in neonatal patients and assess its clinical significance. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) were determined in 152 pediatric patients and 33 each of maternal and cord bloods. Supernatant IL-1ra levels of cultured monocytes and granulocytes stimulated with IL-1beta or LPS, and IL-1ra mRNA expression of granulocytes were assayed in 15 each of cord and healthy adult bloods. Although surgical stress in neonates was heavier than that in infants, there was no difference in the occurrence of postoperative morbidity and mortality. In neonates, the perioperative serum level of IL-1ra was significantly raised, and the postoperative IL-6 response was well controlled. The serum concentration of IL-1ra in cord blood was not different from that in maternal blood, whereas, the serum concentration of IL-6 in cord blood was significantly reduced than that in maternal blood. In granulocytes, significantly more IL-1ra was produced from cord than from adult blood. An IL-1ra predominant immune status in neonates may be a naturally acquired adaptation system and play a crucial role in attenuating acute inflammatory reaction in a vulnerable host defense.
BACKGROUND: Little data is available concerning the heat stress experienced by members of staff who wear bullet-proof vests in a warm or hot environment. For this reason, knowledge is limited and, consequently, preventative advice on how to avoid heat sickness or hyperthermia is required. STUDY DESIGN: Skin and body temperatures, fluid loss and the heart rate of 30 persons (15 test persons versus 15 control persons) were measured in three situations typical of the test participants' job situations. Environmental data (wind velocity, air humidity, air temperature) were measured during the tests as well. RESULTS: Whereas there was a significant increase in skin temperatures, there was no difference in the core body temperatures of both groups. Maximum core body temperature remained well below 38 degrees C in all subjects. Test persons wearing vests showed a fluid loss of 1.1 l on average (non-vest wearers in the control group 1.0 l). CONCLUSION: There is no increased risk of heat stroke or hyperthermia for employees wearing bullet-proof vests in comparison with employees who do not wear them. Both groups, however, should be advised to ensure an adequate intake of fluid to maintain a healthy body fluid balance when working in hot environments.
Computational and mathematical human eye models from previous studies which were constructed in two-dimensions (2D) did not give a precise representation of the actual human eye. This work is an extension from an earlier published work on the 2D model. In this paper, a 3D FEM model of the human eye is simulated for the steady state temperature distribution during normal condition and during electromagnetic (EM) wave radiation. Results show a discrepancy of 0.49% for a normal condition as opposed to 1.9% of a 2D model when compared to experimental results from open literatures. Investigations on the EM wave radiations found an average power absorption density of 15,151 and 22,145 Wm(-3) for the 750 and 1500 MHz radiation, respectively. A peak temperature of 38.18( composite function)C was predicted for the 750 MHz radiation while 41.19( composite function)C was computed for the 1500 MHz radiation. These temperatures are in reasonable agreement with the simulated results computed by another report in the past.