PubMed · 7051217
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
T Hurmuzache. [Nutritional immunity].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7051217/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
To examine the general frequency of household outbreaks, the authors performed a retrospective search among cases of the five most frequent gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in Denmark, a country of 5.3 million inhabitants. This was done for 57,667 cases registered from 1991 to 2001 by finding all cases that shared addresses and became infected within 3 weeks of one another. The percentage of cases that were part of household outbreaks was found to be 3.2% for Campylobacter, 13.3% for Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, 5.6% for Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, 2.0% for Yersinia enterocolitica, and 10.4% for Shigella sonnei. The vast majority of the outbreaks had not previously been registered. The wide variation in the ability to cause household outbreaks among the different types of bacteria reflects differences in their epidemiology and most likely also mirrors their overall outbreak potential. Differences in the time occurring between infections of household members may also indicate differences in the importance of person-to-person transmission for the different types of bacteria. The fact that household outbreaks occur with a relatively high frequency may be utilized in future analyses of sources of infection, in particular of Campylobacter, for which more household outbreaks than expected were identified.
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a semiquantitative culture method and traditional qualitative culture for the diagnosis of surgical site infections resulting in an open wound. Results were correlated with the definitions for the diagnosis of SSI proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the qualitative culture method were 96%, 61%, 84% and 89%, respectively. For the semiquantitative technique with a breakpoint of 15 colony forming units/plate these values were 91%, 96%, 98% and 83%, respectively. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed an area under the curve of 94.44% (95% confidence interval, 88.5%-99%) for the semiquantitative method. This result indicates that our easy-to-perform semiquantitative culture technique for open surgical wounds correlates better with the diagnosis of SSI than the traditional qualitative method.
BACKGROUND: Two patients died of a meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital in Germany in July 2001, their infections having been caused by a contaminated contrast media (iomeprol [Imeron]) used as a multiple-dose vial (MDV) over 8 days. Therefore, a prevalence study was performed to investigate the use and contamination of multiple-use vials in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: In a 1300-bed hospital on a specific day in November 2001, all used MDVs were collected by the infection control nurses. Information was recorded about the medication, labeling of vials, storing temperature, wards, and dates of opening. Each vial was also tested for sterility. RESULTS: Opened vials were to be found in all wards. Of the 227 vials available, 1 vial and 1 spike were contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis (contamination rate 0.9%; 95% CI, 0.3-2.1). The opening dates were marked on only 114 (50%) MDVs, 15 (13%) of which had already expired. Only 44 (19%) MDVs had been stored in the refrigerator, whereas 109 MDVs contained medications without any preserving agent. CONCLUSION: Results revealed somewhat risky handling of MDVs. In light of a possible high risk in this hospital of about 1 contaminated MDV per day, and in view of many reported outbreaks induced by contaminated MDVs, the following infection control measures were encouraged: alcohol hand hygiene, the disinfection of gums, observance of the manufacturer's recommendations, appropriate storing temperatures, marking the opening time, and avoiding the multiple use of medications not containing preserving agents.