PubMed · 6986697
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V M Nielsen. 1980-01-21. [Insulin administration].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6986697/
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The contamination of water resources by uranyl (UO22+) ions poses significant environmental and health risks, requiring the development of efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. Adsorption-based techniques have emerged as promising approaches in the field of UO22+ removal, but the design of cost-effective, high-capacity, and environmentally friendly adsorbents remains challenging. In this study, a three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxyapatite@gelatin (nHAP@Ge) composite was synthesized through glutaraldehyde cross-linking, combining the structural stability of Ge with the high uranium affinity of nHAP. The optimized nHAP@Ge, with a nHAP:Ge mass ratio of 1:0.5, exhibited exceptional UO22+ removal efficiency (97 %), along with high adsorption capacity (364.03 mg/g). Systematic characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods revealed that the porous structure and surface functional groups (-OH, Ca2+, and PO43-) of the material synergistically contributed to binding UO22+ species. Furthermore, the incorporation of nHAP into the Ge framework resulted in enhanced thermal stability while significantly improving the UO22+ adsorption performance. This work presents a scalable, eco-friendly, and recyclable strategy for the effective treatment of uranium-contaminated water, with potential applications in nuclear wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
A surface-modified silica gel was produced to improve the surface affinity to an oily medicine, phytonadione (VK1). The effect of the degree of surface modification of the silica gel on the drug release behavior from the silica porous matrix was investigated. The silica gels were surface-modified using the silan coupling agent, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (C7), octadecyltriethoxysilane (C18), or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (F3). A mixture of VK1 solution and surface-modified silica gel was evaporated under reduced pressure at room temperature, then the resulting powder was dried in vacuo. The degree of surface modification was evaluated based upon elementary analysis. The dissolution profiles of the samples were investigated in Japanese Pharmacopoeia XII, 1st fluid buffer (pH 1.2, 37+/-0.5 degrees C) containing 1.5% sodium lauryl sulfate. The FT-IR spectra of VK1-loaded surface-modified silica gels suggested that the amount of hydrogen-bonded VK1 with the silanol group on the gel surface decreased with increasing hydrophobicity of the silica gel. Since the modified group was rotating on the silica gel surface, and inhibited the adsorption of VK1 to the surface, the attractive molecular interaction between VK1 and the silica gel surface might decrease with increasing length of the modified functional group. However, the characteristics of the affinity of VK1 to the functional groups significantly differed among the groups. The VK1 release from the modified silica gels was initially rapid, slowed markedly after 1 h, and continued for more than 24 h. The amount of VK1 released from the modified surface silica gels by C7, C18 or F3 increased with increasing density of the surface modification group. The mean drug release moment (MDT) decreased with an increase in surface-modified group density.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) influences many aspects of water treatment, including the formation of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) when disinfectants are applied. DOM from a conventional surface water treatment plant (WTP) in Northern New Jersey was isolated and fractionated using resin adsorption chromatography into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acid, hydrophobic neutral, hydrophobic base, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic neutral and hydrophilic base. The hydrophilic acid fraction was found to be the most abundant fraction in the source water. The hydrophilic neutral, hydrophilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions had the highest removal efficiency through the WTP (about 65%). The variation and removal effectiveness of each fraction along the WTP was studied. Seven-day chlorine DBP formation potential (FP) tests were performed on all DOM fractions through the WTP. For the source water studied, the hydrophilic acid fraction was found to be the most reactive precursor to the trihalomethane (THM) formation. The hydrophobic neutral fraction was found to be the fraction of concern with respect to the FP of haloacetic acids (HAAs) class of DBPs. The FP of each fraction's class of DBPs was found to be amenable for reduction along the treatment train, specifically by coagulation/sedimentation. The fractionated approach concept showed to be very beneficial in the study of DBP precursors and their effective removal by physical and chemical treatment.