PubMed · 6973893
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V L McCrady-Kahn, A M Kahn. 1981. Lightning burns.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6973893/
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BACKGROUND: Burn injuries trigger complex immune responses and gene expression changes, impacting wound healing and systemic inflammation. Understanding these changes is crucial for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS: We analyzed two gene expression omnibus datasets (wound tissue [GSE8056] and blood [GSE37069]) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burn injury samples versus controls. Immune cell proportions were assessed using CIBERSORT. Functional enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key genes and pathways. RESULTS: We identified 1170 upregulated and 1227 downregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment in neutrophil activation, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix organization. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant changes in neutrophils, macrophages (M1/M2), and T-cell subsets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified five hub genes: JUN, STAT1, Bcl2, MMP9, and TLR2. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and immune responses in burn injuries. The identified DEGs, hub genes, and pathways offer insights into the immune response mechanisms and suggest potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in burn injury management.
A KEY ROLE: Albumin is a large molecule which plays an essential role in generating colloido-osmotic pressure which facilitates fluid retention in the intravascular space. HYPOALBUMINEMIA IN BURNED PATIENTS: Excessive loss is followed by deficient synthesis in the liver (preferential production of inflammatory proteins, insufficient protein intake). HUMAN ALBUMIN IN BURNED PATIENTS: By maintaining fluid in the vascular sector and favoring inflow from the interstitial space, human albumin maintains blood volume. Despite its value as the reference substance, reasonable use as become necessary because of cost-containment. Human albumin should be reserved for severely burned patients whose albuminemia falls to approximately 20 g/l (or proteinemia to 35 g/l).