PubMed · 6946287
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A J Stern. 1981. Human resources: how to develop them.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6946287/
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AIM: To examine the efficiency of O44, a partial fluorinated octane, as a solvent for silicone oil adhesions on intraocular lenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After placing silicone- and PMMA-lenses in silicone oil, the adhesions were treated with O44. The extent of silicone oil adhesions and the effectiveness of O44 were studied by gross microscopy by scanning electrone microscopy (SEM) and combined energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX). Furthermore an explanted silicone lens with oil adhesions was treated with O44 and examined. To simulate the effect of adhesion proteins PMMA- and silicone lenses were placed in silicone oil and human plasma. RESULTS: With EDX it was possible to prove that O44 is able to remove silicone oil adhesions from PMMA-lenses. The removal from an explanted silicone lens by O44 could be demonstrated by light microscopy. Silicone oil adhesions on intraocular lenses (IOL's) in vitro showed a different oil coverage than the IOL in vivo. Silicone lenses in vitro were often covered by a homogenous oil film and therefore the demonstration of the silicone adhesions and of the efficacy of O44 was difficult. The adhesions of IOL's placed additional in human plasma did not show any differences. CONCLUSIONS: O44 may be a successful intraoperative tool to remove silicone oil adhesions avoiding explantation of silicone oil contaminated IOL's. Silicone oil adhesions in vivo seem to be influenced by adhesive proteins.
Scanning is performed during radiological surveys to identify elevated levels of direct radiation. The levels detected depend on the surveyor's abilities and decision processes. A method is described for anticipating levels that surveyors might reasonably be expected to detect in scanning by estimating the increment in a survey instrument's counting rate that would be necessary to support specified limits on Type I and Type II error rates, taking into account the fact that human beings typically do not operate with perfect efficiency. The result is applied to calculations of minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) achievable while scanning structure surfaces and land areas. The approaches used for determining scan MDCs are provided, along with examples for common radionuclide contaminants and field survey instrumentation.