PubMed · 6903699
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V Hawken. 1980. Community development principles.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6903699/
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This paper begins with a summary of the biological research on homosexuality that occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It then summarizes the treatment of this research chiefly by the print media. It then adumbrates the presuppositions about sexuality and gender upon which the reports were based. It is argued that the presuppositions, which are asserted without being examined, date back to the nineteenth century. They ignore the historical, sociocultural, and humanistic research of the last two decades that collectively comprise the field of gay, lesbian, and bisexual studies. The discussion of the issue of choice follows and it recognizes the various constraints on choice without eliminating it as an element of sexual expression. Finally, the paper sets forth a general conception of homosexuality that includes its psychological and socio-cultural dimensions along with the biological.
During the past decade, the issue of gender relations and women's conduct and dress has been occupying an increasingly prominent place in the discourse of Islamist movements. This article attempts to situate Arab Islamists' preoccupation with women within the legacy of colonialism and social transformations relating to gender and class. With regard to Jordan, the author links the urgency of the issue with social transformations at the level of gender and class during recent decades, and points out that the key to understanding the prominence of the 'woman question' in Islamist thinking is the fact that the social groups which comprise the traditional constituency of the Islamists are finally experiencing for themselves the socially disruptive implications of new patterns in women's work, education and visibility. In short, the issue of women's modesty and conduct, which was more abstract as recent as one generation ago (when only upper middle and upper class women were visible in the public domain), acquires concreteness and urgency in the rapidly changing social environment. The article also tries to show how the Islamists' framing of the issue in cultural terms has a primal appeal, especially to those social groups most alienated from the insular world of the westernized elite and in search of 'authentic' ways of living in the modern world.
Cultural diversity is a noticeable reality in today's work force. The problems resulting from cultural diversity pose special challenges to nurse managers. If nurse managers are to be successful at managing diversity, they need to not only be aware of the specific issues created by diversity, but they must plan effective management and leadership strategies to enable staff to collectively meet the desired goals of the work setting. The authors of this article are employed in one of the most culturally diverse work settings in the world. Their experiences in successfully implementing a quality improvement program, and in using strategies to gain shared vision and commitment by management and staff, will be explored and the implications for nurse managers outlined.