PubMed · 6823939
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F W Leung. 1983. Hemodialysis, ascites and thyroid function.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6823939/
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An immigrant from Bangladesh living in the United Kingdom presented with a nonspecific febrile illness after visiting his homeland and subsequently developed fulminant hepatic failure accompanied by hypotension, ascites, a generalized coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia. Serology and detection of dengue virus serotype 3 by PCR established a postmortem diagnosis of hepatic failure secondary to dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Cryptogenic cirrhosis is a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. However, the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD appears to be delayed compared with those with other chronic liver diseases and thus carries a higher mortality rate. This delay in diagnosis is illustrated in our case of a 53-year-old man who presented with hepatic hydrothorax and ascites, whose workup revealed cirrhosis due to NAFLD. Although a diagnosis of presumed NAFLD can be made noninvasively, a definitive diagnosis requires a liver biopsy specimen. A biopsy specimen is also important for detecting histologically advanced disease, which may be clinically silent and undetected by aminotransferases or diagnostic imaging. Although there are no proven treatments, recommendations for patients with NAFLD include avoidance of hepatotoxins and aggressive management of associated conditions, such as hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Three cases of urinary ascites are presented, each with a different underlying aetiology. The age and modes of presentation also varied and management strategies were accordingly tailored to each patient's clinical requirements. All 3 patients survived and subsequently were discharged with good renal function. Although a rare condition, infants with urinary ascites can present as clinical emergencies in need of prompt resuscitation with subsequent drainage of the urine and decompression of the urinary tract. The ultimate management regime will vary and depend upon site of urinary extravasation and underlying aetiology.