PubMed · 6812595
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S Takemura, T Hotta, N Matsumura, T Yoshikawa, M Kondo. 1982. Cold activation of complement.. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780250918
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Nerve guide conduits (NGCs) with selective permeability and hydrophilicity were fabricated using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Pluronic F127 by a modified immersion precipitation method developed by our laboratory. The hydrophilized porous PLGA tubes as NGCs were fabricated by immersing a water-saturated rod-shape alginate hydrogel into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution (in tetraglycol). The PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture was precipitated outside the alginate hydrogel rod by the diffusion of water from the hydrogel rod into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution. The inner diameter and wall thickness of tubes could be easily controlled by adjusting the diameter of alginate hydrogel rod and immersion time, respectively. It was observed that the tube wall has an asymmetric column-shape porous structure. The inner surface of the tube had nano-size pores ( approximately 50 nm), which can effectively prevent from fibrous tissue infiltration but permeate nutrients and retain neurotrophic factors, while the outer surface had micro-size pores ( approximately 50 microm), which can allow vascular ingrowth for effective supply of nutrients and oxygen into the tube. From the investigations of mechanical property, water absorbabiliy, and model nutrient permeability of the tubes, the hydrophilized PLGA/F127 (3 wt %) tube seems to be a good candidate as a NGC for the effective permeation of nutrients as well as the good mechanical strength to maintain a stable support structure for the nerve regeneration.
Three Pd-Ag dental alloys for metal-ceramic restorations, W-1 (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rx 91 (Pentron) and Super Star (Heraeus Kulzer), were subjected to isothermal annealing for 0.5 hr periods in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures from approximately 400 degrees to 950 degrees C. The annealing behavior was investigated by Vickers hardness measurements (1 kg load) and SEM microstructural observations. The highest Vickers hardness occurred at approximately 700 degrees C for W-1 and 650 degrees C for Rx 91. For Super Star, there were two peaks in hardness at approximately 500 degrees and 650 degrees C. Additional use of light indenting loads (25 g for W-1; 10 g for Rx 91 and Super Star) revealed that hardness variations during annealing for W-1 and Rx 91 were related to the palladium solid solution matrix phase. For Super Star, the lower-temperature peak was controlled by multi-phase regions and the higher-temperature peak by the matrix phase. While microstructural changes due to annealing were evident with the SEM for Rx 91 and Super Star, no correlation was possible for W-1 because of its finer-scale microstructure. Although commercial Pd-Ag alloys have a relatively narrow composition range, their microstructures and annealing behavior can vary because of differences in proportions of secondary elements utilized for porcelain adherence and grain refinement elements, as well as other proprietary strategies employed by the manufacturers.
Seeds may contain different components such as starch and complex carbohydrates that can seriously reduce protein extraction. The proteins in cereal seeds are usually classified in four groups according to their solubility criteria: albumins, globulins, prolamins, and glutelins. They can be specifically extracted. A general procedure for extracting the proteins present in green seeds or immature cereal kernels is given. Then several procedures mostly adapted to cereal seeds are reported for: (1) the whole storage proteins (mostly prolamins and glutelins); (2) the albumins-globulins extracted using salt buffer; (3) the amphiphilic proteins extracted using a phase partitioning process; and (4) the proteins strongly attached to or within the starch granules of the seed endosperm. These procedures have been used for 2-D electrophoresis and proteomic analyses.