PubMed · 6695863
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J H Eckfeldt, C Leiendecker-Foster, M J Kershaw. 1984. Error in calibration.. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp%2F81.2.273
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1H NMR spectral editing techniques can select the distinct signals of lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate and provide a unique way to monitor the biochemical processes in vivo. These metabolite levels reflect the near-equilibrium dehydrogenase activity and therefore the cellular redox state. The quantitative comparison between the 1H NMR and biochemical assay data is in excellent agreement. Lactate/pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratios, obtained from normalized 1H NMR spectra, respond directly to changes in the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states. Because NMR is noninvasive, our results set the groundwork for implementing these techniques to observe tissue redox states in vivo.
Ethanol inhibited glucose synthesis from alpha-ketoisovalerate by isolated rat hepatocytes without significant inhibition of flux through the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Accumulation of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, an intermediate in the catabolism of alpha-ketoisovalerate, was increased by ethanol, indicating inhibition of flux at the level of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. 3-Hydroxybutyrate caused the same effects as ethanol, suggesting inhibition was a consequence of an increase in the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio. Flux through the 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase was more sensitive to regulation by the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio than flux through the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Oleate also inhibited glucose synthesis from alpha-ketoisovalerate, but marked inhibition of flux through the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex was caused by this substrate.
The effect of feeding dairy cattle mangel-wurzels on the serum increased concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate was investigated in serum is normally indicative of an increased catabolism of fats in the liver as a result of an energy shortage. Feeding cattle large amounts of mangel-wurzels can cause the serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration to increase above normal reference values, thus seemingly indicating that there is a (sub)clinical acetonaemia. In fact the increased concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate is probably the result of an increased production of butyrate in the rumen.