PubMed · 6582713
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H H Barth. 1983-10-14. [The false canal problem].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6582713/
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The use of an ultrasonic apical preparation technique has been advocated recently. Root-end preparations in 30 extracted single-canaled human teeth were evaluated, comparing those prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation alone, or in combination with rotary bur preparation, to those prepared with rotary instrumentation alone. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of debris, smear layer, and the smoothness and uniformity of the preparations. The apical preparations were completed according to the varying techniques, examined, and photographed under scanning electron microscopy. Those cavities prepared with the ultrasonic, either alone or in combination with rotary instrumentation, showed the presence of significantly less smear layer compared with those made by burs alone. Cavities prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation in combination with rotary instrumentation contained significantly less debris than those prepared with rotary instrumentation alone. There were no significant differences between the techniques in the smoothness or uniformity of the preparations.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the canal configuration in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. The canal configuration of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar need not be the same as that of the maxillary first molar. Several studies have been attempted to clarify the configuration of the second molar, usually via postoperative evaluation, sectioning, or radiography. To follow more closely the clinical procedure, this study involved access cavity preparation and radiographs taken with files in place. Of the 73 extracted maxillary second molars investigated, 67 teeth (91.8%) had 3 roots whereas 6 teeth (8.2%) had 2 roots. In the three rooted teeth, the mesiobuccal roots of 40 (59.7%) were classified as type I (single canal from orifice to apex), 14 (20.9%) were type II (two canals merging short of the apex into a single canal at the apex), 11 (16.4%) were type III (two separate and distinct canals from orifice to apex), and 2 (3%) were type IV (single canal at the orifice, dividing in midroot into two canals exiting at the apex).
An in vitro study was performed to determine the number and the type of root canals, their ramifications, transverse anastomoses, apical foramina locations, and frequency of apical deltas in a Turkish population. One thousand four hundred human permanent teeth were injected with India ink, decalcified, and cleared after the length of each was measured. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci's classification. The findings were used to classify the teeth into four groups. Variable root canal configurations were found in the second premolar and the mesiobuccal roots of first and second molars among the maxillary teeth and in all of the mandibular teeth, except the mandibular second premolar.