PubMed · 634075
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J S Oliver, H Smith, D J Williams. 1978. Nicotine in post-mortem tissue.. https://doi.org/10.1177/002580247801800110
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BACKGROUND: Allelic losses on chromosome arms 2q, 3p, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 9p, 10p, 10q, 11p, 11q, 12p, 13q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, and 21q are reportedly associated with progression and/or initiation of prostate cancer. In the present study, we performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of polymorphic microsatellite loci on the human chromosomes 7 and 12p13-12 in prostate cancer tissue to investigate the extent of involvement of these regions, which may contain putative tumor suppressor genes. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 17 men who died of hormone-refractory prostate cancer at Chiba University, Japan, and affiliated hospitals between June of 1992 and June of 1995. DNA from normal tumor or metastatic tissue was used as the template for PCR amplification of a set of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci on human chromosome 7 and 6 loci on the human chromosome region 12p13-12. RESULTS: The frequencies of cases with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 7q31.1 were 8% in primary tumor tissue and 11% in metastatic tissue. The frequencies of cases with LOH at 12p13-12 were 12% in primary tumor tissue and 25% in metastatic tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the frequencies of LOH at 7q31.1 were lower than in Western patients, suggesting that LOH in this region is not related to progression of prostate cancer in Japanese patients. The frequency of LOH at 12p13-12 was similar to that reported in Western countries, indicating that 12p13-12 may contain a tumor suppressor gene of prostate cancer.
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In consenting to a perinatal autopsy, the primary motive of parents may be to find the exact cause of death. A critical review on the value of perinatal autopsies was performed to see whether parents could be counseled regarding their main motive. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, and the Cochrane library. We evaluated the value of the autopsy by comparing the clinical and autopsy diagnoses in stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and therapeutic terminations. Clinicopathologic concordance was divided into four categories: (1) change in diagnosis, (2) additional findings, (3) complete confirmation, and (4) inconclusive. We sought information on factors that may influence the value of perinatal autopsies: the type and definitions of perinatal loss; autopsy rate; level of hospital; expertise of pathologists; autopsy protocol used; whether patients were inborn or referred; and antenatal diagnosis. From the 27 articles that met our review criteria, the autopsy revealed a change in diagnosis or additional findings in 22% to 76% of cases. If confirmation of clinical findings is included, then the value of the perinatal autopsy was as high as up to 100%. Factors that could influence this rate were reported variably by investigators. When centers report their experience of the value of the perinatal autopsy, information on the factors that may influence their reports should be provided as well. Clinicians can confidently advise parents of the usefulness of the perinatal autopsy in ascertaining the cause of death or for counseling their future pregnancies.