PubMed · 628687
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C R Hayne. 1978. Safe...sure?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/628687/
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204,000 cars were randomly assigned to three different experimental conditions. 46,000 cars were inspected annually during a period of three years; 46,000 cars were inspected once during three years; and 112,000 cars were not inspected. The number of accidents was recorded for a period of four years. No differences in accident rates were found between the groups. The technical condition of inspected vehicles improved compared to those not inspected. The experiment did not have any unintended side-effects. It is concluded that periodic motor vehicle inspection has no preventive effect on the technical condition of cars in a system where roadside inspections also exist.
Any time there are reductions in accidents, advocates of any particular position are quick to claim that it is their "effect" that has improved safety performance. The work in this paper focuses on interpreting a traffic system's performance with respect to a specific type of accident by attributing a change in the number of accidents to the relative contribution of three effects: the activity effect, the safety content effect, and the structure effect. A method is developed and applied to the data sets of pedestrian fatalities that occurred in Greece during the period of 1965-1989. The relative contribution of the effects as well as the pattern changes turn out to have a decisive influence. The possible uses and extensions of the method are also discussed.
On the afternoon of Saturday 4th March 1989 two trains, both bound for London Victoria Station, collided. Part of the rear train rolled down a steep railway embankment and jack-knifed against a tree. The mechanism of the crash and the injuries sustained by the 55 victims who were seen in the A&E Department of the Mayday University Hospital are described. Improvements in signalling technology and design of rolling stock which may reduce both the risk of collision and severity of injury in future accidents are discussed.