PubMed · 6199528
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
M Yao, H Ishihara, N Aoyagi, H Nagao, A Matsuki, T Oyama. 1983. [Epidural morphine in dextran solution].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6199528/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Swimmerets are limbs on several segments of the crayfish abdomen that are used for forward swimming and other behaviors. We present evidence that the functional modules demonstrated previously in physiological experiments are reflected in the morphological disposition of swimmeret motor neurons. The single nerve that innervates each swimmeret divides into two branches that separately contain the axons of power-stroke and return-stroke motor neurons. We used Co(++) or biocytin to backfill the entire pool of neurons that innervated a swimmeret, or functional subsets whose axons occurred in particular branches. Each filled cell body extended a single neurite that projected first to the Lateral Neuropil (LN), and there branched to form dendritic structures and its axon. All the motor neurons that innervated one swimmeret had cell bodies located in the ganglion from which their axons emerged, and the cell bodies of all but two of these neurons were located ipsilateral to their swimmeret. Counts of cell bodies filled from selected peripheral branches revealed about 35 power-stroke motor neurons and 35 return-stroke motor neurons. The cell bodies of these two types were segregated into different clusters within the ganglion, but both types sent their neurites into the ipsilateral LN and had their principle branches in this neuropil. We saw no significant differences in the numbers or distributions of these motor neurons in ganglia A2 through A5. These anatomical features are consistent with the physiological evidence that each swimmeret is controlled by its own neural module, which drives the alternating bursts of impulses in power-stroke and return-stroke motor neurons. We propose that the LN is the site of the synaptic circuit that generates this pattern.
BACKGROUND: Abdominal palpation during physical examination is an important means of detecting abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but limited information is available on its accuracy. METHODS: Two hundred subjects (aged 51-88 years), 99 with and 101 without AAA as determined by previous ultrasound, each underwent physical examination of the abdomen by 2 internists who were blinded to each other's findings and to the ultrasound diagnosis. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of abdominal palpation for detecting AAA was as follows: sensitivity, 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-76%); specificity, 75% (95% CI, 68%-82%); positive likelihood ratio, 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0-3.6); negative likelihood ratio 0.43 (95% CI, 0.33-0.56). Interobserver pair agreement for AAA vs no AAA between the first and second examinations was 77% (kappa = 0.53). Sensitivity increased with AAA diameter, from 61% for AAAs of 3.0 to 3.9 cm, to 69% for AAAs of 4.0 to 4.9 cm, 72% for AAAs of 4.0 cm or larger, and 82% for AAAs of 5.0 cm or larger. Sensitivity in subjects with an abdominal girth less than 100 cm (40-in waistline) was 91% vs 53% for girth of 100 cm or greater (P<.001). When girth was 100 cm or greater and the aorta was palpable, sensitivity was 82%. When girth was less than 100 cm and the AAA was 5.0 cm or larger, sensitivity was 100% (12 examinations). Factors independently associated with correct examination findings included AAA diameter (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 per centimeter increase; 95% CI, 1.06-3.58); abdominal girth (OR, 0.90 per centimeter increase; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94); and the examiner's assessment that the abdomen was not tight (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.17-6.13). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal palpation has only moderate overall sensitivity for detecting AAA, but appears to be highly sensitive for diagnosis of AAAs large enough to warrant elective intervention in patients who do not have a large girth. Abdominal palpation has good sensitivity even in patients with a large girth if the aorta is palpable.
Examination of 3376 imported and 200 local Egyptian camels was carried out during the period extending between September 1997 and August, 1998. These animals were carefully examined for the presence of Onchocerca fasciata nodules and subsequently for O. fasciata adult parasites. Results of this study revealed that imported camels had the higher infection rate (2.75%), while those of local origin showed no palpable or detected Onchocerca nodules. Distribution of these nodules was mainly on the two sides of abdomen, hind limbs (concentrated in thigh region) and fore limbs particularly on the shoulders and nuchal ligament. This distribution varied according to the degree of infection. Searches for microfilariae were also performed using either blood samples, or in the subcutis and fascial sheath near or around the detected nodules.