PubMed · 6169374
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S Iu Maslov. [Patterns in the biological code and its possible evolution].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6169374/
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Amino acid (AA) profiles from body fluids such as blood and urine are clinical indicators for diagnosing metabolic and hepatic diseases. Current quantitative methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with isotopically labelled internal standards (ISs), are costly and technically demanding. This study proposes a cost-efficient alternative using structural isomers as ISs in a direct liquid infusion (DLI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach. The method leverages chimeric spectra and fragment intensity ratios to quantify AAs, demonstrating high linearity and precision even with a 3D ion trap mass analyser. This approach offers a viable strategy for AA quantification in preventive medicine, particularly for screening metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria, diabetes, and liver dysfunction.
Pharmacological activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can inhibit synaptic transmission; however, relatively little evidence exists regarding the physiological conditions under which such autoreceptors are activated by synaptically released glutamate. Bath application of selective group II mGluR agonists profoundly inhibited field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) evoked by stimulation of the perforant path inputs to both the mid-molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1. Application of the group II selective mGluR antagonist LY341495 resulted in an increase in the relative amplitude of a test fEPSP evoked 200 ms after a conditioning burst, but not after a single conditioning stimulus, in both pathways. Antagonist application also resulted in a marked increase in the relative amplitude of test population spikes evoked in the dentate gyrus following a conditioning burst. These observations are consistent with a presynaptic autoinhibitory action of group II metabotropic receptors that is revealed following burst stimulation of the pathway, consistent with their localisation in the preterminal zone. Activation of group II mGluRs during theta-gamma pattern discharge of projection neurones in the entorhinal cortex is likely to play an important role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the perforant pathway.
Okadaic acid (OA) (1)) was the first example of a group of polyether toxins known to be produced by marine microalgae, which are responsible for the natural phenomena known as Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) red tides. It is also a highly selective inhibitor of protein phosphatases type 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), as well as being a potent tumour promoter. For these reasons, OA is an extremely useful tool for studying cellular processes and an important standard for polluted shellfish control. In this paper, we report on a double objective: to improve the production of toxins and verify the apparent participation of amino acids in the formation of these polyethers by monitoring their influence on the promotion of growth, total cell yield and increased in toxicity in Prorocentrum lima of the PL2V strain in batch cultures, in a modified K medium.