PubMed · 6142257
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1984-03-10. Tinnitus.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6142257/
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The hydrodynamic model of a cochlea (dimensions 520 x 120 x 100 (mm)), with the basilar membrane (BM) consisting of 50 discrete resonance links in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 128 Hz was constructed. Two ways of giving harmonic and impulse's signals at the model were used; a) through the membrane of the vestibular window (directly through the filled model liquid along the BM) and b) through the thread fastened to the basal part of the BM (by the travelling wave on the BM). It was shown that in the first case the transmission's time to apical part of the BM equals 0.8 ms and in the second--several seconds. The conclusion is that the main hydrodynamic processes of sound's coding in a cochlea are the processes according to the Helmholtz's resonance theory, but not Békésy's travelling wave theory.
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Nonlinearities affecting cochlear mechanics produce appreciable compression in the basilar membrane (BM) input/output (I/O) functions at the characteristic frequency for sound-pressure levels (SPLs) as low as 20 dB (re: 20 microPa). This is thought to depend upon saturation of the outer hair cell (OHC) mechanoelectrical transducer (MET). This hypothesis was tested by solving a nonlinear integrodifferential equation that describes the BM vibration in an active cochlea. The equation extends a previously developed linear approach [Mammano and Nobili, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 3320-3332 (1993)], here modified to include saturating MET, with a few corrections mainly concerning tectorial membrane resonance and OHC coupling to the BM. Stationary solutions were computed by iteration in the frequency domain for a wide range of input SPLs, generating BM I/O functions, frequency response envelopes, and two-tone distortion products. Traveling-wave amplitude envelopes were also computed for a fixed suppressor and several suppressed tones in order to evidence the phenomenon of two-tone suppression (frequency masking) at the mechanical level. All results accord nicely with experimental data.