PubMed · 6118662
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J F Boyd. 1981-11-28. Mini-necropsy.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91478-1
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BACKGROUND: Previous functional studies have suggested that fetal liver cells (FLC) are capable of responding to allogeneic stimulation and have allostimulatory capacity by early in the second trimester. The present study was designed to analyze whether the allogenic response in human FLC is restricted to HLA class II expression and to evaluate the role of CD3+ cells (T cells) and CD56+ cells (natural killer cells) in the allogenic response. METHODS: Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) experiments were performed on human FLC, at 14 to 18 gestational weeks, before and after depletion of HLA class II+ cells from the stimulator FLC pool (6-11 gestational weeks) and before and after depletion of CD3+ and CD56+ cells from the responder population. RESULTS: Depletion of HLA class II+ cells from the stimulator FLC pool resulted in a decreased response in 9 of 12 initially positive MLCs. CD3+ cell depletion from responder FLC resulted in a decreased response in four of seven experiments with peripheral blood lymphocytes as stimulators and in two of five experiments with FLC as stimulators. Depletion of CD56+ cells from responder FLC resulted in a decreased response in five of seven initially positive MLCs with peripheral blood lymphocytes as stimulators and two of five with FLC as stimulators. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that FLC are capable of alloresponsiveness when studied in MLC and that the response seems to be HLA class II dependent. Depletion of CD3+ or CD56+ cells led to a reduction in the MLC in a majority of the experiments. The question remains how these cells interact; it is likely that both cell types exhibit complementary effects in the early allogenic response.
Persistent trophoblastic tissue has been described in the abdominal cavity after surgical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy. More infrequently the cause of the ectopic trophoblast is linked to uterine perforation due to surgically induced termination of pregnancy (TOP). Ultrasonographic images may suggest an ectopic pregnancy. A case of myometrial trophoblastic tissue implantation following surgically induced first-trimester TOP is described.
Intact human pregnancy can be regarded as an immunological paradox in that the maternal immune system accepts the allogeneic embryo without general immunosuppression. Because dendritic cell (DC) subsets could be involved in peripheral tolerance, the uterine mucosa (decidua) was investigated for DC populations. Here we describe the detailed immunohistochemical and functional characterization of HLA-DR-positive antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in early pregnancy decidua. In contrast to classical macrophages and CD83(+) DCs, which were found in comparable numbers in decidua and nonpregnant endometrium, only decidua harbored a significant population of HLA-DR(+)/DC-SIGN(+) APCs further phenotyped as CD14(+)/CD4(+)/CD68(+/-)/CD83(-)/CD25(-). These cells exhibited a remarkable proliferation rate (9.2 to 9.8% of all CD209(+) cells) by double staining with Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Unique within the DC-family, the majority of DC-SIGN(+) decidual APCs were observed in situ to have intimate contact with CD56(+)/CD16(-)/ICAM-3(+) decidual natural killer cells, another pregnancy-restricted cell population. In vitro, freshly isolated CD14(+)/DC-SIGN(+) decidual cells efficiently took up antigen, but could not stimulate naive allogeneic T cells at all. Treatment with an inflammatory cytokine cocktail resulted in down-regulation of antigen uptake capacity and evolving capacity to effectively stimulate resting T cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis confirmed the maturation of CD14(+)/DC-SIGN(+) decidual cells into CD25(+)/CD83(+) mature DCs. In summary, this is the first identification of a uterine immature DC population expressing DC-SIGN, that appears only in pregnancy-associated tissue, has a high proliferation rate, and a conspicuous association with a natural killer subset.