PubMed · 6084074
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M Tada, K Koyama, K Kawai. 1984. [Colonoscopy with staining].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6084074/
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In inflammatory bowel diseases sonography can depict the transformations in the bowel wall structure as well as extramural changes. Certain patterns of altered stratification can be defined which can be helpful in determining disease activity. Crohn's disease is extending very often into the mesenteries and to the serosa, omentum and peritoneum on the other side. Sonography will detect fistulas, abscesses, omental cake and ascites for example. Extraintestinal manifestations like those of the biliary tree, the pancreas, the kidneys can be seen. Color doppler sonography will be able to define disease activity. In differentiating Crohn's disease from infectious enterocolitis and diverticulitis as well as other rare disorders sonography can be useful.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon. Results from many studies in people and animals of intestinal inflammation suggest that ulcerative colitis results from environmental factors triggering a loss of tolerance for normal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Although progress has been made in the overall management of the disease, no innovative treatment has been developed. By contrast with Crohn's disease, there are few clinical data on biological agents. Probiotics seem the most promising of several experimental and traditional agents that have been investigated in controlled clinical trials.
Modifying the diet can have a favorable impact on the course of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, nutrition plays no major role in the development of the disease or in provoking an acute attack. During an acute attack of Crohn's disease, the application of oral (drinks) or tube feeding (enteral nutrition) can result in a substantial clinical improvement. The remission rate of this side effect-free therapy is, however, lower than that seen with steroids. The data available for diet therapy in ulcerative colitis are less unequivocal, but the effects are probably slight at best. During the remission phase, the patient should eat a balanced, vitamin-rich and varied normal diet that excludes all poorly tolerated foods: lactose intolerance in particular appears to be increased in patients with Crohn's disease. Known vitamin or mineral deficiencies should be corrected by appropriate dietary measures or supplementation. There is no such thing as a "Crohn's diet" or "colitis diet". The patient can be allowed to eat anything that is tolerated.